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51st ConGRESS,) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ¢ Mis. Doc. 224, 1st Session. t Part 1.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
BOARD OF REGENTS
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
THE OPERATIONS, EXPENDITURES, AND CONDITION OF THE INSTITUTION ;
TO
TIS Lay ot BS 9.
WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. TS 20.
FIrTy-FIRST CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION.
Concurrent resolution adopted by the House of Representatives May 27, 1890, and by the Senate, June 17, 1890.
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That there be printed of the Report of the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum for the years ending June 30, 1888, and June 30, 1889, in two octavo volumes for each year, 16,000 copies; of which 3,000 copies shall be for the use of the Senate, 6,000 for the use of the House of Representatives, and 7,000 for the use of the Smithsonian Institution.
Il
LETTER
FROM THE
SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
ACCOMPANYING
The annual report of the Board of Regents of the Institution to the end of June, 1889.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C., July 1, 1889. To the Congress of the United States :
In accordance with section 5593 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, I have the honor, in behalf of the Board of Regents, to submit to Congress the annual report of the operations, expenditures, and con- dition of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1889.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary of Smithsonian Institution. Hon. LEv1 P. Morton, President of the Senate. Hon. THomas Bb. REED, Speaker of the House of Representatives. Li
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION TO THE END OF JUNE, 1889.
SUBJECTS.
1. Proceedings of the Board of Regents for the session of January, 1889.
2. Report of the Executive Committee, exhibiting the financial affairs of the Institution, including a statement of the Smithson fund, and re- ceipts and expenditures for the year 1888-89.
3. Annual report of the Secretary, giving an account of the operations and condition of the Institution for the year 1888~’89, with statistics of exchanges, ete.
4, General appendix, comprising a selection of miscellaneous memoirs of interest to collaborators and correspondents of the Institution, teachers, and others engaged in the promotion of knowledge.
XV
CONTENTS.
Page. Resolution of Congress to print extra copies of the Report........--....--..-- II Letter from the Secretary, submitting the Annual Report of the Regents to Congress’ <-2=..- Wee stile cisie(oa we nice warecs Seis) Selle seins Racine staid accion nce aes IIL General subjects of the Annual Report .......--..--..---.- Pc aigta2 e Fe) eee IV Contents,of the Report..2...<:-----2---- cee eee SE ee ee ree Vv List of illustrations .......-..- pe ee ren ee ee ate ae aoa ene re 1S Members ex officio of the -Establishment...--. 2.2... 22-oms -2---- 5-00-5222 anon x Regents of the Smithsonian Institution ..-.....-.-.-.---.---.--- pitt oace 285 XII JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS.......--.----- XU Beatedmecniie, January O, [6e0.... ..cute-ccolse a: ne ceiee sates 2 oo = XIII REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE for the year ending June 30, 1889 -.- Condition of the funds aly: U1889 Foo e se ye ae ese == a2 eno tee XIX IRGeei temOls ONO VCale ae st seeree ee sca sane crete selec cic eia eis xX EP Spenaliures 100 INO -Voar > i0.-s200c seas cnn cew yeccies mee angsnlestomene XX Dales an CeneanyI ONS ei secre accre = = pete cre sees elem, nin oS ciel mai aad xx Appropriations for international exchanges...........--.------ese------- XXI Details of expenditures of same ......--- Mots a oto fala 'alel siniais/e ojeiare ote exe Appropriations for North American Ethnology ...--. ---.-.....---------- XXII Details'of expenditures: Ot Same. .2- 22-22 5- see ssc Sf an) nce ose oecnetenia XXIII Appropriation for Smithsonian Building repairs, and expenditures......-- XXIV Appropriations for the National Museum’ .......:---...-----i2--<-e1s.-s2- XXIV Details of expenditures of same .-.-.....----.-.- Be te Ae UR enisis Sane XXV (Cone ra ies UMIM ANY seoet.. ome omen eSonee <2 aackt seen cee swims ices XX Incomemvallable for ensuing. year ....-..-s22. --- e+ -2sslceee eeeme eiclaeie eee ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS relative to the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum, etc., for 1889 ...-.. ee Pace ee ce eeelacsicepaismecciere ss KRM TIT REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ..-.....----- Mesee wacieeardaals sie Jota/sfefaiatare jateaioiere 1 The Board of Regents...-.-....-.- Bee ee ee eeeela es Seer eee ee 1 Changes of menibers of the Board! :.< oss s2.2 30.202 oe nceee- sacciew/ecccce 1 MIM AN COS i reatore eloare cis a aisieiceetelera carwisais case cao d eeyecieeis Salis dese woe aes Smpais 1 Justclaimsron the, Government. .---- 2.2 222.426 se Scie oe seed aie- oe oie 2, Present total endowment of the Institution.-...... sapetatole, Sateen arse 2 Balance on hand July, 1, 1889. 225. hea Ss. sta cesciancc cm cin tn xe eteytt secs 3 Appropriations committed to the care of the Institution..........---- 3 Estimates for the next fiscal year, 1889-"90.......-.--.----.---------- 4 Museum appropriations transferred to the Institution....-...---.---- 5 Buildings .. 5:5. 52-2 eS ieee eee se eT is eae ee Ata ay cere weiats bee ieee 5 Additional Museum building urgently needed ..-.... 000 eeeeee eee 5
Vi
VI CONTENTS.
Page THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—Continued. Buildings—Continued. Recent accessions of material very large. sasactsanees Aah been eaes sane 5 storage room quite insufiicient 22s. sees ee eee oe ccelen cece eaae 6 Fire-proofing of the west wing greatly desired.........---...---.-.- a IR@SCarC ie te ae clea wise clan cia seen aiaals tetera aie cee ieinecleneine eee ee see aes a Astro-physical observatory contemplated ...............---.----..... 7 Valuable apparatus lent to the Institution. ..........--.............. 8 Explorations 22:25 sc .c2< a2 ooealee a sce te rece eee een eee eee eee eee 8 Investigations in Northern Africa by Mr. T. Williams..............-- 8 Investigations in Thibet by Mr. W. W. Rockhill ..-....-.....---.---- 9 Collections from Egypt by Dr. James Grant Bey ...---...-..----..--- 9 Expected collections from Indians of Hoopa Reservation by Jeremiah Curtin Sees Seeowe Does ee eee Se eee erate oe ee eee seie eee 9 Expected collections from Russia and Finland -:......--..-2---.+--=:- 9 Also tromvAlaska ossccssee nee see Newnes eee Sea. auistes Meee eee See eet 10 Publications) ck Aisi s ee seco Siete ele eras Sera cen ees ere tere ale ere ener 10 Classes of publication; 2222.0). | nase seo ton eer sont a ees 11 Museum publications no longer included in the Miscellaneous Collec- CLOTS 235 SSeS ae NE ei eee SI ate Naar cee ee ee er 12 General Appendix to the Annual Smithsonian Report a source of ex- PENSOVS ES re nits Ae ei Satara wiciere sere epee seine saa cle erent a rola eee eet 12 A change in the character of the papers undertaken .-........-...----- 12 Distribution of Smithsonian publications........ 2... .2.-2. s-00 ------ 13 A small portion reserved for sale .........-...--..- sues obtslecsemiamece 14 Facilities offered to others in publication ---..-:-.- 22222-2222 ---. cee 14 Smithsonian exchange system. sakes hoes cee ae ee eee 15 Death.of the curator, Dri J. He Kadders- ca sesse- coer ee eet eee ence 16 Mr. William C. Winlock appointed his successor. ....--..---.-------- 16 Magnitude of the exchange operations...... 222... 2.-..2-2.-+----+ee5 16 Cost of the exchanges to the Institution. ....--3.2.2. 0.5.22. 22aee, 17 Claim“for increased appropriations. 2-2-2 -2- =~ jee on eee 18 Bstimateof amount. required’ sseee ete 2 er- ee eee eee 18 Charge of 5 cents per pound made to the Departments ..--....--.---- 18 [ts discontinuance recommended! <.---e.-e-- see aoe te ee eee 18 Estimate of $27,500 for the fiscal year 1889-’90 ................-..-2-- 19 Only one-third of Government publications received for transmission. 19 Comparison of present and proposed plan..-..-..--..-.-.-.<<e.-ce-- 19 Delay resulting from insufficient appropriations.......--....--.------ 20 Convention between the United States and other powers...--.-- Seas 20 Ocean steamers granting favor of free transportation .-.--..----.---- 21 Whibparyiesne ols obs oie k oOo SR re es Sr a 21 Separate halls desired in the new Congressional Library Building, for the:Smithsonian Wibrary, 2.<.s.er2 soso nae ae cee see eee 22 Temporary quarters for the same suggested..........-.-.-..-.----.-- 23 Improvement in the reading room of the Institution -.........-...---- 23 Efforts to increase the number of periodicals by exchange........---- 23 Lists of scientific periodicals furnished by correspondents... .---.----- 25 Total addition of books received during the past year ...--..----.---- 25 Department.of living animals! 2552. 22. oe) a ee eee 25 Giftsof birds’and’quadrupeds’ 2. = 2222 eee oe ee 25 Inconvenience resulting from limited accommodations...--.-.-------- 26 Total number of living speeimens received during the year .---..---- 26
CONTENTS. Vil
age
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—Continued. — OOO LIGA Ran kegels ae siee sa F eis 5 selena See ee nee ee eee Ne 27 Report by the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds ..-.-..---- 27 Amendment introduced to the District of Columbia bill.--.....---..-- 30 This finally passed and made a law March 2 ......-.-.--....-.205---- 31 Land on Rock Creek selected for the purpose ...--. ..---.-----.------ 31 MISCOMINCOUS se eresae fae aioe aie eee see cine oe once ce Sac Scllsetnceeas 32 Assionment of rooms for scientific work... ..2< 222. 222+... 25-552 see ae Ponemlecuurentu Md: se.> iso ceases ete sere ore es Ske es cise ee Se ye Grantsrand SUbDSCripblons.=.2.- one, ssccocs sae te seen ooo ees oo Privilege of the floor of the House of Representatives ......---..----- 33 SMIGHSOMIAD CTOUNASece cease. soo fee stmte wich Sera enie ciate elem, Sern ees 33 American Historical Association es code. 2o semue oo ete - toe coe Some 33 Stereotype: Platessc eames nc ca stesees os oot eoece esa. Hemet ease cesses 33 Temporary shed for astro-physical observations ......--.------------- 33 HECEPULON tcc msao- cece ces eso e ee ea eek RA ree sce eae ears ree 34 Worresponden Osis secs some cece cece nce cearec ceca ccs se ince yecee os ee 34 LNILED, STATES -NATIONAIn MUSHUMsnciee oinciccccuciecee Sas ctea cael secce osne 34 Classinediservice.of the Museum. 2-2 22222> s+. cesses csccesases- lessees 34 pchedule of oflicers-and: employes. 2-2-2 2.c2h a ccmessiceo = seek cee easaconeee 36 inicrease.ot tie collectione= es sc. =--- nse sane so seele ca) sees one bacco oe eee es Be Tabular statement from 1882 to 1889.............---. 22-22. wee, eee -- =e 40 Ca talOomenenULlOspre cite tee sete eee eee cis othe Mee rnan sac se einees seat tee 42 Principal accessions to the collections... .... -...~----. 2222 enon nn eee nae anne 42 Co-operation of Departments and Bureaus of the Government.......-.---- 5 Photographic exhibit.. <2 -- 2.225 ecco ce ccc ee Be era ee ieee Sac ee 45 Distributionor duplicate specimens. sss. .s<s s222s-sse22<,s22e05 sees cone 45 Accessions tothe Museum) Library. 2. -ss...-c250-ccncs eocecs-scculeact -eeeee 46 Pobplicamons of the Musetini : 22.2242 .2 esc ces coe c ec edsdeccaseccescesconce 47 MUUCCMES sanstemas: Same Seas foie ce acs Gem tcleac esac os sve teccs ch obecjscee se 49 Special researches. .......--....- See ncaa apap eee eee 50 Meennosrandilecunress.2.=.cos sce cee toe seas ale ee ee See es cee ctee cone sete 50 ASEH OUS ste me eee aa cole ieee cis a See cee fee ces see aah cele os See 50 WZOTSOUME lcteee eee eevee esc ntan seine cree eine ae soe ecco ne ome cleave eee dl BX LOTS HOUSte chee = see ook eee os sees ee he ee Gos Soe cae ee ee yeas cece ease is Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Central States. .........--- 51 Marietta: Centennial Exposition’ 225. ..222.22cs5. ooce sone ec eect ce ccee eele op Injury to the collections by frequent transportation ...--.--...----.-----. 54 Appropriation required to maintain and improve the collections ...-...... 54 URE AU ORE REN OMGOGNe raya stcyseaisiecyeaeis cissieytie wee Shape ae wie Sree wie eiteicievnei tele ee ae Diy Bicld\ Wore S--eeese< sce eo eons mniwial Sets ais aieisre wie. poSierelsie cio ciated wice te ecenye cries 5D MON Omer OTAbLONG oats aqenieinve ce \e nemisie sic. #ce sierniniee weiserercisicjeceiieeciise 55 Generali tieldistudies 2 a. masse ace iaja as an Soe mnoe eee ane Sen ceseeaooee 55 Officer work: Ge socccr. Se Mee ee ia aeeye ee en ec icetae e SOye eee wee Lae 60 Linguistic map of North America in preparation .............-.....-- 60 Various linguistic researches in progress ........-...---.----.--+----- 61 bist of publicationsio£ the Bureau =... .<2-scec2sencceces cocc coca s scec sess 65 PATE Lee DOL GS ets sis ol own ebioe ee net eiaciate eile a ce5/csibe.« wsei-win cco 65 Contributions :s2s.. s2c<c-.scee IER a ois Cente tiei Sen awe Sie Bie 65 Introductions ..-......-- a et eas ome ty ee cs an aay stant ne A 65 Bulletiny... 24 sss5-6 Be ne che core cee BRT MeO de scieeeeeeee 65 NECHOROGY. och seats Conc eee oct OS Pe eo lca anaccedouds oe 66 rete CLOMO pam lel Oke tan Tomei cook <crars See Ines ac. coniee ecceeeee 66
Wier TIN ECRES COV. CNSON Eee oe ee ee SS oe. oc Alas 67
Vill CONTENTS.
APPENDIX p OB CRB TUAGY 9 hu P OR Mamta satya a/cleatstat inal ate laletetelar se rale\e oieiotaleta eter Ie eublicatronsrof tlrenye are ceee see selera einen stellate eiefe siete ieke rate le ela etee irene
Ik; Reportion international exchanges 2c... ssocm cease vos cee mace els eee
Te Reporbron the library cece ce cemises cece acc sacle aiaeteers eeeieteaets
GENERAL APPENDIX.
YANO T ETS ON OM beara ayays ata ayeot ala io lsat e eae Tote ale ed ole cleke alavalelev etal lalate Settaeeiereis The National Scientific Institutions at Berlin, oe Albert Guttstadt........---. Hertz’s Researches on Electrical Oscillations, by G. W. de Tunzelmann..-.....-. Repetition of Hertz’s Experiments, etc., by Frederick T. Trouton...........--. Progress of Meteorology in 1889, by George W. Curtis........:--.-.---..--.-- How rains) Hormed by HoH) Blantordss22 ia -clcece ooh see nee “aera eee OneAerialocomotion, by. He Wenham! 2 2. Sa2- 226 eacc asses =a ates see ane On the Movements of the Earth’s Crust, by A. Blytt.....--..----..----.--2-2- Time-keeping in Greece and.Rome; by F. A. Seely ..-2-..2- 2255 scec--ceeoee oe Botanical Biology, iby W. L.Dhiselton-Dyer 2 23522. cose wane oe cee eee eee Elementary Problems in Physiology, by J.S. Burdon Sanderson ......-...---- OneBoscovich’s Theory, byasir) William: Lhomsonses-s1.4cssooses-- eee eee The: Modern theory of Wight, Dy Oliver, J odees see. . ene a ee eels Michelson’s Recent Researches on Light, by Joseph Lovering............----- Photography in the Service of Astronomy, by R. Radau..........--...---.---- The Life-work of a Chemist, by.Sir Henry E: Roscoe. -- <->... 255.2 s-2-- «= 2 Memoir of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer, by A. Miiller ....-....---.----..----. Memoir of Gustav Robert Kirchoff, by Robert von Helmholtz........---.--.- OnHeredity, byssir Williamelurnens-=- terse miss aer eee = enae eee aera Anthropology in the Last Twenty Years, by Rudolph Virchow........--...-. Scandinavian Archeology, by Ingwald Unset .<--.... so2 226-222 once ca cen e Progress of Anthropology in 1889, by Otis T. Mason............---.-....----- The Last Steps in the Genealogy of Man, by Paul Topinard ...--.........---.. The State and Higher Education, by Herbert B. Adams ..-.....-..---...---:- The Molecular Structure of Matter, by William Anderson......-.......---..-- Auminwnd, i bynbes Cove ycosses commer ase octe cee eciinis «eis acete saree cee aiee Alloys of Aluminum, byzJ) HsDarcersssonersesicecins siemice ne ain enenie = il eee ihe: Hittel: Towenmsby: Gobittelis=sse. cence ste cease acc cere sees ee eee sore The Hittel Rower; by William, Av ddyeeeess <2. cestode sees sss eee eee The Great Terrestrial Globe at the Paris Exhibition of 1 880 ob Sueclsteeea snes Geographical Latitude; by, Walter BoSeaifen ccc c-scss socscsien eae meaiae eee
On
Se eww we kK
©
7? VY 4») ss) -
CONTENTS. a Ix
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page. Page,
Hertz’s Electrical Researches: Trouton’s Electrical Experiments—
Bip eee c eee a sae oaetess ee ae 147 Continued.
WP ee seats cerca puaeann ce seae 148 DIG eo acer aan< eee ann eaaser 198
fet anette eee ac22 ss ae 150) Bear heehee oudast eens ee 200
Pi AM ec Ses at oe eek 151 eens Bas ns Bat oe tered 201
Bigs, 5;6.ss02-- eee ee anee 154 | Progress in Meteorology:
ss tie Poe anes he bone te Ak Ge . 155 Wigs lee tte Ss suse ns oo sk ee ease 241
Bip eOee atic ieee < sass OSs nec 163 | Aerial Locomotion : P
Be Gece sacs tog fo aes nabs es fe 166 PNG red een seat tae acne 319)
IGG Ose cc ya haas sa esenine 169 Big ee ace Ce ee 320
PO La agains oats ¢oe sees ost 73 Mag. GO sass Secs o asieacice 321
TOL ream eeee er 3 see ee 185 | Movements of the Earth’s Crust: Trouton’s Electrical Experiments: Wioa i ae eaae tae aero eoe 352
RUD Mle eas ciieoeian coe see ce cele 191 | The Terrestrial Globe at Paris Ex-
EN OS serena nonce oes 193 position :
TN ieee setae ea Se rae aleeocan oy 195 Ries le tctsoeseesatocne hae 746
Med a eaae tee eae ce een eso 196 Big ere seagate sa soeeueeetee 747
INDEX to the volume..........-. Hise weeat susan dee atomwen mada seke mea geeaeons 795
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
MEMBERS EX OFFICIO OF THE “ ESTABLISHMENT.
(January, 1889.)
GROVER CLEVELAND, President of the United States.
JOHN J. INGALLS, President of the United States Senate pro tempore. MELVILLE W. FULLER, Chief-Justice of the United States. THOMAS F. BAYARD, Secretary of State.
CHARLES S. FAIRCHILD, Secretary of the Treasury.
WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT, Secretary of War.
WILLIAM C. WHITNEY, Secretary of the Navy.
DON M. DICKINSON, Postmaster-General.
AUGUSTUS H. GARLAND, Attorney-General.
BENTON J. HALL, Commissioner of Patents.
REGENTS OF THE INSTITUTION.
(List given on the following page.)
OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION. SAMUEL P. LANGLEY, Secretary. Director of the Institution, and of the U. S. National Museum. G. BRowN GOODE, Assistant Secretary.
WILLIAM J. RuHEES, Chief Clerk,
REGENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
By the organizing act approved August 10, 1846 (Revised Statutes, Title LXX11I, section 5580), ‘The business of the Institution shall be con- ducted at the city of Washington by a Board of Regents, named the Regents .of the Smithsonian Institution, to be composed of the Vice- President, the Chief-Justice of the United States [and the Governor of the District of Columbia], three members of the Senate, and three mem- bers of the House of Kepresentatives, together with six other persons, other than members of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the city of Washington, and the other four shall be inhabitants of some State, but no two of the same State.”
REGENTS FOR THE YEAR 1889. The Vice-President of the United States: JOHN J. INGALLS (elected President of the Senate pro tem. February 26, 1887) The Chief-Justice of the United States:
MELVILLE W. FULLER, elected Chancelior and President of the Board Jan- uary 9, 1889.
United States Senators: ; Term expires. JUSTIN S. MORRILL (appointed February 21, 1883)...-..-....--.Mar. 3. 1891.
SHELBY M. CULLOM (appointed March 23, 1885, and Mar. 28, 1&89)-Mar. 3, 1895. RANDALL L. GIBSON (appointed Dec. 19, 1887, and Mar. 28, 1889).. Mar. 3, 1895.
Members of the House of Representatives:
SAMUEL S. COX (appointed Jan. 5, 1888, died Sept. 10, 1889)... .-- Dee. 26, 1889. JOSEPH WHEELER (appointed January 5, 1888).-...-.-.....--- Dec. 26, 1889. WILLIAM W. PHELPS (appointed January 5, 1888)...--.---..--- Dec. 26, 1889.
Citizens of a State: HENRY COPPEE, of Pennsylvania (first appointed Jan. 19, 1874)- Dec. 26, 1891, NOAH PORTER, of Connecticut (first appointed Jan. 26, 1878) ....Mar. 3, 1890. JAMES B. ANGELL, of Michigan (first appointed Jan. 19, 1837)...Jan. 19, 1893. ANDREW D. WHITE, of New York (first appointed Feb. 15, 1883) -Feb. 15, 1594. Citizens of Washington: JAMES C. WELLING (first appointed May 13, 1884).............. May 13, 1890. MONTGOMERY C. MEIGS (first appointed December 26, 1885)-.-...Dec. 26, 1891.
Executive Committce of the Board of Regents.
JAMES C, WELLING, Chairman. HENry CoppEr. MONTGOMERY C. MEIGS. XII
ee
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMETHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WASHINGTON, January 9, 1889.
The stated annual meeting of the Board of Regents of the Smith- sonian Institution was held this day at half-past 10 o’clock a. m.
Present: Chief-Justice MELVILLE W. FULLER, Hon. J. J. INGALLS, Hon. J. S. MORRILL, Hon. 8. M. CuLLom, Hon. R. L. Gipson, Hon. 5. S. Cox, Hon. W. W. PHELPS, Hon. Jos. WHEELER, Dr. HENRY CoppiE, Dr. JAMES C. WELLING, General M. C. MEIGs, and the Sece- retary, Mr. S. P. LANGLEY.
On motion of Mr. Morrill, Mr. Ingalls was called to the chair.
Excuses for non-attendance were read from Dr. Noam Por'TER and Dr. J. B. ANGELL, and the Secretary stated that Dr. A. D. WHITE was out of the country.
The journal of proceedings of the Board of the regular annual meet- ing of January 11 and the special called meeting of March 27, 1888, was read and approved.
The Secretary stated that since the last annual meeting the death had occurred of one of the most distinguished and useful members of the Board, Dr. ASA GRAY, and it was proper that some expression be made by hie Board in regard to the loss it had sustained.
Dr. Coppée, in afew eulogistic remarks on the late Dr. Gray, portrayed his character and particularly his active usefulness as a Regent, and thought the expression of the feeling of every one of his associates should be placed upon the permanent records of the Institution. On his motion, it was
Resolved, That-a committee of three be appointed, of which the Sec- retary shall be chairman, to prepare and record in our proceedings a resolution expressing the sentiments of the Board upon the loss of Pro- fessor Gray.
The Chair appointed Prof. 8. P. Langley, Dr. Coppée, and Dr. Well- ing as the committee, which subsequently reported the following :
THE LATE DOCTOR ASA GRAY.
It israrely indeed that the departure from this life of any man pro- duces so profound and so general a sense of personal loss as has fol- lowed the death of our friend, Dr. Asa Gray, His associates in the
xi
XIV JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.
Board of Regents, his companions in scientific research, and the great body of younger men who looked up to him as their master, have all been made to realize that something has gone from the world which can ill be spared, and that their own lives have lost a part of that which made up their fullness.
Upon the Smithsonian Institution his loss falls with particular weight, since his active interest in its welfare is almost continuous with its existence, for he was one of the Committee of the American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences, the report of which upon the “ plan pro- posed for the organization of the Smithsonian Institution,” rendered in 1847, has exercised so active an influence upon the subsequent history of this establishment.
Appointed a Regent in January, 1874, to sueceed Prof. Louis Agas- siz, his efficient and active interest in the welfare of this Institution has been one of its most valuable possessions, and it is with deeper feeling than formal resolutions of regret unsually convey that we now endeavor to express some part of our sense of irreparable loss.
Dr. Gray’s scientific reputation, while literally world-wide, was nat- urally greatest in his Own country, for it is he who has made the botanical world acquainted with probably nearly three-fourths of the forms that grow on this northern continent; and in this country, where everything was referred to his Harvard Herbarium and to his judg- ment and classification, as the final court of appeal, he occupied a unique position as priest and pontiff of American botany. His botanical labors are otherwise too familiar to need rehearsal here, but it is not perhaps so generally known that he was an honored sponsor at the birth of the Darwinian Theory. In this constant correspondence with its illustrious author, Dr. Gray elicited the frequent expression of an admiration as hearty as if was sincere;* and in Europe as well as in this country our friend was recognized rather as the colleague than as the disciple of the great English naturalist.
As another distinguished botanist has said of him, in speaking on this same subject, ‘* Wherever it was known that Asa Gray saw noth- ing sinister, nothing dangerous, in the teachings of Darwin, those teachings were stripped of all their terrors. The impossibility that such a man, so eminent in science, so clear in his conceptions, so pure in his morals, and so steadfast in his faith, could pass judgment upon a work that he had not thoroughly examined, or favor a doctrine that could be productive of evil, was apparent to all who knew him, and to the full extent of Dr. Gray’s wide influence throughout the world, the works of Charles Darwin were stricken from the index expurgatorius and admitted into the family cirele as safe books for all to read.
Rather with the desire that a permanent record shall be made of the
* 7 said in a former letter that you were a lawyer, but I made gross mistake. I am sure that you are a poet,—no, I will tell you what you are: a hybrid, a com- plex cross of lawyer, poet, naturalist, and theologian! Was there ever such a mon- ster seen before?” (Darwin to Gray, September 10, 1860.)
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. XV
appreciation in which this Board holds its departed associate than in any expectation that formal action can adequately express its sense of the great loss that we personally feel, and that this Institution has experienced, your committee submits the following resolutions:
Whereas the members of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution have been called upon to mourn the death of their distin- guished colleague, the late Dr. Asa Gray, who has been actively inter- ested in the welfare of the Institution from its beginning, and who held for fifteen years the office of Regent, with great advantage to the In- stitution: Therefore, be it
Resolved, That with a high appreciation of Dr. Gray’s most eminent labors in the development of all scientific truth, and especially in the advancement and popularization of the study of botany; with a grate- ful sense of the service he has rendered to the Smithsonian Institution, and with reverence for his pure life, we record our admiration of the Christian character in which the truths of science were all seen in the same light that shone on a life of steadfast faith.
Resolved, That we mourn not only the great investigator, the teacher and the associate, whose single mind found outward expression in a manner so well remembered in its simple and indefinable charm, but that above all we grieve for the loss of a friend.
Resolved, That this preamble and the resolutions be spread on the minutes of the Board in respectful tribute to the memory of our vener- ated colleague, and that a copy be transmitted to his family in token of the share we take in their bereavement.
The Secretary stated that having learned from the widow of Dr. Gray that she needed about eighty copies of the second part of the “ Flora of North America,” by her husband, which had been published by the Smithsonian Institution, to complete the sets in her possession and ren- der them available, he had ventured in the name of the Regents to fur- nish these desired volumes, and had taken the occasion to express their continued interest in the result of the labors of their late colleague ; for which Mrs. Gray had asked him to express her very sincere thanks.
The chairman announced the election by joint resolution of Congress, approved by the President February 15, 1588, of Dr. Andrew B. White, of the State of New York, as Regent for the term of six years, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Dr. Gray.
The chair then announced as the next business in order, the election of Chancellor.
On motion of Mr. Cox, Chief-Justice Melville W. Fuller was unani- mously elected Chancellor of the Institution.
Mr. Fuller, in accepting the office, after thanking the members of the Board for the compliment, expressed his desire to promote the objects of the Institution, in whose welfare, he was well aware, the late chan- celior, Chief-Justice Waite, had such great interest, and he earnestly hoped that he should be able to discharge his duties with as much fidel- ity and success.
Dr. Welling, chairman of the Executive Committee, presented its annual report for the year ending June 30, 1888; which was read and accepted,
XVI JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.
On motion of Mr. Cox it was—
Resolved, That the income of the Institution for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1890, be appropriated for the service of the Institution, to be expended by the Secratary, with the advice of the executive com- mittee, upon the basis of the operations described in the last annual report of said committee, with tull discretion on the part of the Secre- tary as to items of expenditures properly falling under each of the heads embraced in the established conduct of the Institution.
The Secretary presented his annual report, which in accordance with the rules of the Board had been printed and distributed in advance to the members. He expressed his readiness to make additional explana- tions or remarks in regard to any part of the operations of the Institu- tion.
Mr. Culiom inquired as to the Zoological Park, and the prospect of its establishment. He expressed great interest in the project and hoped it would speedily be realized.
The Secretary briefly urged the importance to science of the measure, as the means of rescuing from speedy extinction some of the animals which formerly inhabited this continent in vast numbers, and ex- pressed his fear that if the land was not now secured (which in its nat- ural state was pre-eminently fitted for the Park) within a year, so-called ‘‘improvements” would entirely destroy its character and adaptability.
General Meigs stated that thirty years ago he had pointed out to the Government the desirability of securing the Rock Creek region for a public park, and the land could then have been procured for an insig- nificant sum.
After a general expression of opinion by the Regents in favor of the proposed Zoological Park, the members of the Board in the Senate and House were requested to urge the passage of the bill by Congress as speedily as possible.
The Secretary stated that a reference had been made at the last an- nual meeting of a bill introduced in the Senate December 12, 1887, for the erection of a bronze statue of the late Professor Baird. This bill had passed the Senate unanimously February 9, 1888, and was referred in the House to the Committee on Library, which had not made a re- port.
Mr. Cox stated that if the bill came up for action in the House he had no doubt it would be favorably acted on.
The Secretary made the following remarks:
The Smithsonian contribution to the Library of Congress now con- sists of over a quarter of a million titles, forming a collection of its kind absolutely unequaled in the world, created mainly out of the Smithsonian income and practically a donation to the General Govern- ment. Further, nearly a quarter of the Smithsonian yearly income is indirectly devoted to the increment of this great collection.
It had been hoped that this collection would have been kept in a hall distinct from other books in the Library of Congress, but the exigen-
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. XVII
cies of the demand on the Librarian have caused it not only to be crowded into insufficient space, but in an inaccessible room, so that the collection is not seen and in no way recalls the source of its contribu- tion, and to the general public its very existence is unknown.
In the new Library of Congress building atdlequate space will pre- sumably be provided for its preservation and increase, but if if seems fit to the Regents that a distinct hall or halls shall be devoted to it, and that they shall also in their construction and decoration not only be worthy of the contents, but recall that the collection is due to the Smithsonian fund, the following resolution is submitted :
Resolved, That since the Smithsonian deposit now numbers over 250,000 titles, and is still increasing at the cost of the Institution, it is, in the opinion of the Regents, desirable that in the new building for the Library of Congress sufficient provision shall be made for its accommodation and increase in a distinet hall or halls, worthy of the collections, and such as, while recalling to the visitor the name of Smithson, shall provide such facilities for those consulting the volumes as will aid in his large purpose of the diffusion of knowledge among men.
On motion of General Meigs, the resolution was adopted.
The Secretary called the attention of the Board to the act recently passed by Cungress (approved by the President, January 4, 1889), to incorporate the American Historical Association, and providing that said association shall report annually to the Secretary of the Smithson- ian Institution its proceedings, ete., who at his discretion shall com- municate the same to Congress, and further authorizing the Regents of the Institution to receive on deposit the collections, papers, etc., of the said association.
On motion of Mr. Cuilom, it was
Resolved, That the American Historical Association be and hereby is permitted to deposit its collections, manuscripts, books, pamphlets, and other material for history in the Smithsonian Institution or in the Na- tional Museum, in accordance with the provisions of the act of incor
poration, and that the conditions of said deposit shall be determined by the Secretary, with the approval of the executive committee.
On motion of Mr. Cullom, the Board adjourned sine die.
H. Mis. 224——11
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
(For the year ending 30th of June, 1889.)
To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution :
Your Executive Committee respectfully submits the following report in relation to the funds of the Institution, the appropriations by Con- gress for the National Museum and other purposes, and the receipts and expenditures for the Institution and the Museum for the year ending June 30, 1889:
Condition of the fund July 1, 1889.
The amount of the bequest of James Smithson deposited in the Treasury of the United States, according to the act of Congress of August 10, 1846, was $515,169. To this was added by authority of Congress (act of February 8, 1867) the residuary legacy of Smithson and savings from annual income and other sources, $134,831. To this $1,000 have been added by a bequest of James Hamilton, $500 by a bequest of Simeon Habel, and $51,500 as the proceeds of the sale of Virginia bonds owned by the Institution, making in all, as the perma- nent Smithsonian fund in the United States Treasury, $703,000.
Statement of the receipts and expenditures of the Smithsonian Institution July 1, 1888, to June 30, 1889.
RECEIPTS. Cashyon hand! Jalycl 1888 vssscind. f oietsc. cere ve cces scwmndecee ee. $4, 809, 23 Interest on fund July 1, 1888 ..-... 2.222... ....---. $21,090. 00 Interest on fund January 1, 1889 ........ 2... wcecce 21, 090. 00 —- 42, 180. 00 — $46, 989, 23 Cash from sales of publications.............22. Eaeietex siete) s areye 431. 82 Cash from repayments of freight, etc ........ .200--- eee eneees DS, oeee aL ——. | 3,760.52 Motalia=.c2tevee Mactele spas atcislenetie’aanenion ceeerinn cee ees ahaa 50, 749, 76
XX REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
EXPENDITURES.
Building: Repairs, care, and improvements ....-.......... $2, 896. 11 HMurniture and txvures)- cscs ccc scwisee <cicicee 1, 147. 09 ——- $4, 043. 20 General expenses: MIG NITES) Gabe gode oonocongaoobbocecoaedd bo saeded 212. 00 Postareanw teleoraphin.ce se sias\-cl2 aleisiciele teeisee 387. 71 NLATLON OLY see ears eit mone sioiete oem Saisie eineietaterieieiete 707. 98 FeNneral Printing). 5c senmjcsiciens re Seereemeeiece 602, 11 Incidentals (fuel, gas, stable, etc)......-.-..--.. 2,118.11 Library (books, periodicals, etc) ...-....---...--- 1, 350. 33 Salaries ssacicicce hos See succwiew cleiote aie wie niwiaretleieaiereis 18, 820. 74
--— 24,198.98
Publications and research:
Smithsonian Contribubions'.-sc2...c-sc-. <2 eness=5 $99, 22 Miscellaneous Collections ....-.-...-.22..-...-. 4,240.14 REPOLUS eterccc sce ee ecioee cine sis ale sicteseicies meine 1, 034, 20 Lab Oratonyioese sone siesiee se else cisarecisic ce oimateleter 6, 68 AP PATA TUG. cial2 co syaciclecte's sreisicle c a.sleferisiisisisjamseicieite 1, 842. 62 EX pPlorations eco. 5. tenis ae" el soseieiae cil lewis 329. 21 Museum ..... Sense rwleia re eia\ iC eleratisteia ere eiews hl oeteteyciercte eis 868. 05 -—— 8,420.12 Literary and scientific exchanges..... syoamin finest eer teniseies 2, 329.99
Totalhexpen ditunesmess asec sce see ses orice ae eee eee eee eee eOS oo eRoO
Balance unexpended June 30, 1889 ...--..... Sigs cuiseeieems Dooce ee ple TOG Ad } ’
The cash received from sales of publications, repayments for freight, etc., is to be credited on items of expenditure, as follows :
Postage and telegraph ....-. av blac Sane Sa erchstteictars Sates oo Se eC Ren C es SO $0. 67 incidentals: ss otet. 2s see cee Sales sacitan elem se Mee oats aeleie erecta eee eee 81. 00 Library (books, periodicals, ae Ve ied Setreeeasios Says Sala heteas canta eee eee 55, 20 Salartesi=-.-o--tssses Sis Sacer Se ete ee te eee Se ea eee ete See etein ce uoremng -cee 745. 00 Smithsonian Contributions seseceseeseeek nce cesses cee eee eee ae $91. 03 Miscellaneous Collectionsreecescees eee eee ee ei cemiee eee LOGS SMIbHsOnIAn Lop Ortsiecs ce. seissic eres Cisse hiss cee wlewiate eee Rcieee 24. 11
—-—— 431.82 MAUS OUI eile, co cig ersis sci eiejnre ope ot Beare Cyn aia SIS are leis be clase See te mes are Sieh cio one ae heen Ot eRe, IXCHAN PES). . se aw we ceseiis ols lee teeta sso SER e else seiee eet = Sree iota ene Leo arehc:
$3, 760. 53
The net expenditures of the Institution for the year ending June 30, 1889, were therefore $35,231.76, or $3,760.53 less than the gross ex- penditure, $38,992.29, as above given.
In addition to the aggregate of $18,820.74 paid for salaries as shown in the above statement, the following amounts were paid for salaries or compensation for services :
Hore bulldinoese- sees case ceyaanc sce ee ee aA EY Pe a $1,500. 00 Horcexchan ges =. ie. a eae seis sew ae Sal Oe a CREE SEIS See Senta Eee 187.50 MOLD TARY? sis sciele c:Acinjse wis Canis sea seie wise se aes ee sek Eee See Re EEE 413. 36
2, 100. 86
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. XXI
All the moneys received by the Smithsonian Institution from inter- est, sales, refunding of moneys temporarily advanced, or otherwise, are deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of the Secretary of the Institution, and all payments are made by his checks on the Treasurer of the United States.
Your committee also presents the following statements in regard to appropriations and expenditures for objects intrusted to the care of the Smithsonian Institution by Congress :
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES.
Appropriation by Congress for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, ‘ for expenses of the system of international exchanges between the United States and foreign countries, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, including salaries or compensation of all necessary em- ployés,” fifteen thousand dollars. (Sundry civil act, October 2, 1888; POURS Udi venice) ec te ee he ee eet aor Fat tc at ore epee eee tare tea els olnyeici= sare $15, 000 00
Expenditures during the fiscal year 1888-89.
Salaries or compensation :
1 curator, nine months eight days, at $175 per month -.... $1,621. 67 1 curator, one month seventeen days, at $208.33 per month .- 322. 58 I clerk, twelve months, at $150 per month ...-...---..-.-- 1, 800. 00 1clerk, six months, at $110 per month; 1 clerk, six months, Diy LOUREIRO Wine ee ae ce meer eee icies a) eee See sce 1, 260. 00 1 clerk, six months, at $80 per month; 1 clerk, six months, Tae oe DOE MONG Oh esses use oS araace ane rele eure Sear toes 930. 00 -1 clerk, nine and one-half months, at $75 per month.-.-.-..- 712, 50 1 clerk, six months, at $70 per month; 1 clerk, six months, A POO POGOe ase cosets ceiccs ease se ececiemseia ce cece = 780, 00 1 clerk, six months, at $75 per month ; 1 clerk, six months, BiggOo Per WRONG we ene ec ceca a eee cecreacte ame Se 840. 00 1 clerk, twelve months, at $60 per month............-...- 720. 00 1 clerk, three and one-half months, at $65 per month .-..- 227,50
1 messenger, six months, at $30 per month; 1 messenger, two and one-half months, at $25 per month; 1 messenger,
three and one-half months, at $20 per month ..-..-/...- 312. 50 1 packer, twelve months, at $75 per month..........-.-.-- 900. 00 1 packer, twelve months, at $50 per month ............-.- 600. 00 1 laborer; 6 months, at $40 per month..+................-- 240, 00 agent (Germany), six months... -..- <<. <- wecwes coscee 500. 00 1 agent (England), twelve months...............--..----- 500. 00 AEULANS ALOT CSPECIAN ifieer. seen caceae ea ead calcaise cece eee 5. 00
Total salaries or compensation .......... 222... ---- --0-- 127 2¢1..75
General expenses :
POTS Gs era teen oe ose cds a bace Some Ghiah anubemedaes ss 1, 327. 42 Packsim P= DONOS soak area aes ui ciclsines “tise tetdaloccclecicdec ace seis 512. 00 PEM IN Oe. ee aS pe oot cals ay oct Sata ne Doe tewetiw ake ties ce 177. 92 POSUAD Gemecais 2 teeter \— ie wtscic hese es cia We Siatoie srcles ccrsie oe” 130, 00 Bindin OPT6COTC SaaS eee se eo iw oo ctoiee 97. 50 Date stamps and stencils........2.. 2.20. c2-- we ones woeeee- 86. 75
HRumniturerandshsburests.) oe =. a. cetec civclke boc s wec's voce = 106. 36
XXII REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Stationery, wrapping paper, twine, and miscellaneous sup-
PleSee ee sssicde coosais ome moa eee eect eacee aeseomeeee $268. 50
Notalexpendibure’.:: sesj2ecet sos seein, oe oe cee tee Reece cet ee anes pl anoneseU Balance unexpended Sully) VS89s seco em. eens eo eee ee eee 21. 80 BalancerremaininioyJulyall) W888i ce em sa ces eater eee 50. 17
The cost of the international exchange system since July 1, 1886, has been as follows :
Biscalivear: 1886— 87, 22 os 2. tccc once octemec nsec ines ae cane seas $14, 683. 11 Miscal: year 1887283 2. 32 SF sce sas css nso she soiste taoeeinsteee eee s eceisee eee 15, 113. 46 Piscail year, 1888— S09) a ac actssote cece sec ns omisieicmap =e nite mies aetna 17,329.99
Total costic'. a7seu, eRsske te ee aise Conse oeveeee ieee cieeae $47, 126, 56
For the payment of this expense the Smithsonian Institu- tion has received the following sums : Fiscal year 1886-’87 :
INOMIC ONOTESS gare erates ines setae eon taiie se haynceptometeeinacieisicieiaresteesiekeisiae 10, 000. 00 Kromsother sourcesiaccee asec cate sews oeeaieiss can aise emaeeeetecer eae 696, 48 Fiscal year 1887-’88 : HromiC on eress si. ets sisal nin civiete sieves seiscient = sneiteine mineral iseictesae 12, 000. 00 BrOmvOGHCrBOUTCES Aso scunce clase ceceeise eee staec ecco coaster enim aetecieys 205. 75 Fiscal year 1888-’89 : BLOM CONCTCSH sas aeion cce.c es oc oars season Senet ooo ee te sein eie cele 15, 000. 00 Promvother:sOurees: cose ce cece enone oe chee Seer ee Eee tes nae eneeees 2,189. 52 Total:recéipts:< <cccecrsete sce ee - tee saeneee eo eainee cssemteiaat soseate 40, 091. 75 Showing a balance due the Institution, July 1, 1889, of......---..--..--- $7, 034. 81
As this amount has been expended by the Smithsonian Institution in carrying on the system of exchanges over and above the amounts heretofore appropriated for its support by Congress, your committee respectfully recommends that Congress be requested to make appro- priation to re-imburse the Smithson fund.
Your committee also refers to the last report of the Secretary, which states that up to 1880, inclusive, the Institution had paid $92,386.29 for exchanges, of which it is estimated that more than two-thirds were on Government account, for which the Government paid nothing whatever. Since the year 1880 the service has cost $96,065.85, of which the Government has paid $57,500, leaving nearly $40,000 of the cost to be borne by the Smithsonian Institution, and this exclusive of the rent of the rooms, which represents about $3,000 a year in addition.
NORTH AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.
Appropriation by Congress for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, ‘‘ for the purpose of continuing ethnological researches among the American Indians under the direc- tion of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, including salaries or compen- sation of all necessary employés” (Sundry civil act, October 2, 1883; public 307, eet Pee ik aed epee MMB re ee wikis eerie carci ielelofe alee w= See Seon a nee roms UN COUMOU,
The actual conduct of these investigations has been continued by the Secretary in the hands of Maj. J. W. Powell, Director of the Geo- logical Survey.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. SEL
The following is a classified statement of all expenditures made dur- ing the last fiscal year from this appropriation:
Classification of expenditures (A).
(a) Salaries or compensation :
1 ethnologist, per annum........--...-.-c.seceess scesescceee te eeee $3, 000. 00 2 etbnologists, at $2,400 per annum.-.-....----...--+- -----+-------- 4, 800, 00 2 ethnologists, at $1,800 per annum.......--.---.------ see--- - +--+ 3, 600. 00 1 ethnologist, at $1,800 per annum, seven months-.....---.---------- 1, 050. 00 1 ethnologist, at $1,500 per annum, three months..-.-.-.------------ 375. 00 4 assistant ethnologists, at $1,200 per annum.........-...----------- 4, 800. OU 1 assistant ethnologist, at $1,200 per annum, ten months-.-....--.---- 1, 000. 00 1 assistant ethnologist, at $1,200 per annum, six months. ....---.---- 600. 00 1 assistant ethnologist, $1,500 per annum, two months.......-------- 250. 00 1 assistant ethnologist, at $1,500 per annum, six months..-.--.--- a 750. 00 1 assistant ethnologist, per annum ..-......-... ----2- +. 2-2 - eee e eee =e 1, 000. 00 2 assistant ethnologists, at $720 per annum.............------------- 1, 440. 00 2 copyists, at $600 per annum... ..--.. ..---- .-- 2-2 eee ne cece ee snes 1, 200. 00 demogellers atOoUO Per ANNUM Sc. sis ace cals s ssi simile ese oe sae 592.52 1 messenger, at $600 per annum.... -...0..--.22------s euoniioweersece 600, 00 25: 07.52
Unclassified and paid by day, job, or contract........---.-.----.-------- 4, 488, 68 Total salaries Or COMPENSALION ,2o-0ssse2 2 wees wos s~ === aoe = e\= $29, 546, 20
(b) Miscellaneous:
Travelling OxXPensesS.. 2... soecce cocnns cocenncscecs serene cccece iaeees 3, 243. 45 Transportation of property...-.. .----2 + es .s0. cence e coc ces cece ns eee 128, 05 Wiel@ SUPPliGs sic cen ce caw o sasis peewee acim sate ee eein|seesienitens veeces 47.00 SCRUM OM GS ame seleteleteate otsie <1ceih-\a-.- Bee eae ele = tee nisin cai aiste> sean 16. 00 MAD Orsrery IA tClalee.orecaetc se Jocinseaeslcsas Sead saree cicne che. ne 95. 60 Photographic. material ---. 1.2.0.0 se osceeees sere scree sewcas semen cese 44, 20 BOOKS 10K LIDTADY asec ts ee ote ataloa sisi os Sclnro Sain ao aloe sein vies aij ocisini= =inmin 202. 39 Stationery and drawing material........-.-.-.-- ---------- +--+ e--e- 59, 36 MMUStrAplONsuOETe POLtenmaccs's esses ocice =e le= = mast aw oes laine 114. 00 Mii COmUINLLULO se eceeeesice tess seme ree. Se eiscic se sidecln en win seveso acme 92. 50 Office supplies and repairs..-.- Bee See cater one tae ceitsaaels dee ciss 218.75 Correspondence (telegrams)........---- --25 eee ee cece ee ene cee eeee- 4.17 SCCIMNONS< 2--\cw ees enis oes ese0 sa sinwnswemcceemstc Me ncaecte cece 500 00 34, 311. 67 Bonded railroad accounts settled by Treasury. ..--.....---+- ---. ee-- oes 61.19 otal te eee tect eeta caidas secs Com. KO De ee $34, 372. 86 Reclassified by subject-matters (B). Sign language and picture writing.....--.----------++-++ e+e. a eacasecies 4, 863. 68
Explorations of mounds, eastern portion of the United States...-..----. 7,426.18 Researches in archeology, southwestern portion of the United States.... 4,348. 11
Researches, language of North American Indians...--..-.-...-------+--- 12, 013. 26 Balance, OmiceiOl GUC DITOCON. « <2<0 ves nme awe nec us so eeleciecene= ee =s tance . 2,790. 00 WMilustrations for reportiec=. «ccs. cosees soeajesec'e SB Masee eee es oncisiees cee 515, 85
34, 311. 67 Bonded railroad accounts settled by Treasury ......-.2. .ae--- -2---- eee 61.19
oa iem enc feel dia dve- teed oeetene odes scveeesiedivecheoes pO a oleae
XXIV REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
RECAPITULATION (1888-’89).
By appropriation for North American ethnology ..........-....-...-.--. $40, 000. 00 To amount expended to June 30, 1889, as per foregoing detailed statement ofiexpendibures ssc scnccincce cto eee $34, 311. 67 To amount of bonded railroad accounts settled by Treasury. -. 61.19 34, 372, 86 Balance on hand from this appropriation to meet outstanding Males! ets are oS cciers oie <aeerre clic lam see ie rontiotem oe iememarecins 5, 627.14 —-— 40,000. 00 SUMMARY (1887-’89). It appears from the last report of the committee that, at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1888, the balance then on hand of previous ap- propriations:for thisiobjectiwas=ics-cc.cecsssseise tes coe ace ere anice 7, 847. 08 Amount credited to appropriation because of disallowance by the Comp- eNO WC Tyee seats ys ae seca aya yeretoleeiamnlete cloteintorsamimetaiere eee tere a eeteterertniseiee 17. 00 Appropriation by Congress, October 2, 1888. ... 2... 1.5.2. wc eee. scone e onne 40, 000. 00 Total available for the year ending June 30, 1889................-- 47, 864. 08 Expended during the year ending June 30, 1889...........--...... 34, 372, 86 July 1, 1889, balance to meét outstanding liabilities...................-. 13,491. 22 Which balance on hand is deposited as follows: Wathidisbursing clerk2 55 acess aac =a Jaco siein) slain lsensanloiinisnicele iatereretete 4, 847. 92 With special disbursing agent.......... J Raisteicis siecle steele tates aeeateee 600. 00 inthe United States Dreasury =2.--.ccoscecccs occ resco Sulcleistaels soaeRONO4oroO 18, 491, 22 SMITHSONIAN BUILDING REPAIRS. Appropriation by Congress ‘‘ for urgent and necessary repairs to central and western portions of the Smithsonian Institution building” (sundry Civiliact,, March 3, .1887...-Public,.148.p.A)naecacameecoe comes sik cutecisers $15, 000. 00 Hxpended to duly, 1, 18835 os coe cnwismisel ianlewma oeintahe mameeree cine erry 12, 719. 96 Balance, July )-lsesiasiper last meportisss-ses scace ates ot eon eeece 2, 280. 04 Expenditures from July 1, 1888, to June 30, 1889: Paimbsvandspaim oi poe teem tee oe talelerohs = alot eisicleitoey sect $1, 525, 51 Carpenters and miscellaneous work <2... 5. (cece: «22 --- 53. 71 / NR REO BOOSD DODO Gabo UOUOIC 500 OO NEOU DOGO GDOCES Doueuc Scone 700. 00 — = 2, 279. 22 Balance deposited in United States Treasury to credit of the appro- priation,; to;elose the7account, July wl, 1889 Soe see scsiccne oeaeioe . 82
NATIONAL MUSEUM. PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS, JULY 1, 1888, TO JUNE 30, 1889.
Appropriation by Congress for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, ‘‘for the preservation, exhibition, and increase of the collections from the sur- veying and exploring expeditions of the Government, and from other sources, including salaries or compensation of all necessary employés” (sundry civil act, October 2, 1888. Public, 307, page 28) ............-- $125 000.00
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. XXV
Classification of expenditures :
Salaries or compensation ...........-.-..-..- eee ane $108, 495, 66
SUD CS ee fee se te tae Seale ators ain PUSS tense ia eisise 3,759.79
WUALIONELY sosetes suse < > eile sete s ot ocieaivceeess ccc %s na 1,580. 43
MS DOCING OS wet se merce ccttere ae icne eae stein s ctels ats foe's eect 2,891. 74
SO Oe Sieretereie eee etren alee ctelays af scan ise te ier ae eae reisics oe eae See 1, 087. 05
EDA L Meera Soles sata a ae eae ee cave eames clase 580. 41
HTCIO Mt aN OsCANlaP Owes ae ..c ss: coe mes Gas cicnis Me testooncte oa. 2, 409. 58 Total expenditures to June 30, 1889.......-.-..- 2-22-22 eee ee 120, 804. 66 DACORUM ye Loe LOco mms tiaiclateraeis ae ca Saicetccticies acisie see eae cee sene seer as 4,195. 34 Disallowance on a bill for travelling expenses..................---.---- 3.00 Balance July 1, 1889, to meet outstanding liabilities.....--....---...---. $4,198. 34
ANALYSIS OF SALARIES AND COMPENSATION PAID FROM THE APPROPRIATION FOR PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS, 1888-’89—JULY 1, 1888, TO JUNE 30, 1889.
{All these persons were employed by the month or day, and many for part of the year only.]
Direction: Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution, in charge U.S. National Museum, three months at $300; nine months at $333.33 per month... $3, 899, 97 Scientific staff:
SICULALONS. (Hermon tM iateeen sececo seca ea acats sete ema oss $200. 00 2 Curators, (Pe month) atc. s220- 4 eee sarees Soom eee See cee 175. 00 i-curatorG@per month) ati 2c... 2 tes - asses ase cee 166. 66 SICULALOTS (PEL MONUM) Al. -2201<.-. 2k, ccwl se Slewiecemeeetecon ce. 150. 00 1 acting curator (per month) at-..-.-...-....--....--:------ 150. 00 i CULatLOl (perMmmMOnth) abi 22 cee cece eae o ees ce see ciseceeines 125. 00 iscurator (permonth) at. s2oc5.secce ce bam woe - oa wees sce 100. 00 3 assistant curators (per month) at ...-...........--------- 1338. 33 1 assistant curator (per month) at..............-...-------- 50. 00 IASsIStalu (Pe IMONbh abe oses ss. See Sle gee eee Seco se 115. 00 IFASSISTATO (DED MOMUM) bre eeco.02528 ae co ctsc.nrnciee cic ieieie) oe, = 100. 00 Igcollectom(Gper Monthiyrat 22. -252552 2 ccc. Jose poeece ste. LOOFO0 Warde@perimonthy ath eccccl-- tes etic secs see wee cise 87. 50 PAANAS (HOLM OMIM \heit «aye iciwta sates cee elec ncscieeet se cepel-< ec 75. 00 (Paid (per Month) tah ace ee seems eee eee hace Seca coer 60. 00 Ieaide (Her MONGM)) ah aacce eee eee come ac acu ce exci ciel nee cee 58. 33 AIS! (MELIMOUTH Ab sose cee eines see ceo ose cbc cea oe tei. 50. 00 MPA Oe( POIs WONG) Ab gs se sch meee eae cant eee oc pts ners, <i = ces 40. 00
—-—— 32, 000.55 Clerical staff :
L-ehiefscierk (per mionth) aAt=..:..00-. .--- .<-s.s02ss-seeees 175. 00 1 corresponding clerk (per month) at...--..-....---.------ 158. 33 irecistrar, (pemmonth) ate: a... -cce-. +. 22-5 se ee eceecees 158, 33 1 disbursing clerk (per month) at........---..------..---- 100. 00 draughtsman: (per month) at.....------<:--25-..2--52--05 83. 33 1 assistant draughtsman (per month) at -.-.-....--. ----. 30. 00 IiclerieGpersmonth Rab. ces oes ee ee Sere es oe oe oe 110. 00 AiCleLKSn(MELIMOMUM) mais eee eee eee oo. 2 Pl kc sae 100. 00 lkclornke(per’monthisatecct sae cee. See. SRE See ct bos oon 90. 00
Isclerks (per monpMpatsees see ees es ok cee ers rcccnc.< esses 87. 50
XXVI REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Clerical staff—Continued.
1 clerla@péer month) fates ea eee eee Cee ee eres $30. 00 (rclerle(perimonth) late: ose Seems e ae cee kaos ei neeeeeee 75. 00 2 clerksi(persmonbhiabece=-ee ess > soe te eee ea eee renee eee 60. 00 luclerks (persmonth)) ate. =. so - cee eee ee meee ene eae 58. 33 4 clerksi(per month) iat.e--ss2-2-- 2 se =< eee eee ae eee 50. 00 Vtypewriter (per month): at c55cosse6 2. = =) ete eee 45. 00 2 copyists(permonth)) ates... soso eect ere 55. 00 ATcopyists|(permonth) ats. 5 o<c8 ae ae eee eee cence a= 50. 00 Zcopyists (permonth ate. 2562 oe eee ees. Leer 48. 33 MVCOPVISh (Mer MO Mtl) leah re se ee een ee ere res eee 46. 66 ifcopyist:(permonth)iataeaes-eeoceee aes eee eee eee 45. 00 HS COpyistss(permonbh) satnescceeeee ae eee see eee eee ee 40. 00 icopyist (per: month) ats... cas. +- csc eeeese et ee ee eeeeee eee 35. 00 2 COPyists (per MOnvh))abeoe see soe ee oe Ooo a cies eels 30. 00
———-— $27, 136. 27 Preparators:
artist) (per-month) jatesansecece ees ae es sarsere oes ieee 110. 00 iephotorraphers@per month)-ati-ss- a. oe seen eee cee eiee ees 158. 33 istaxidermist:(persmonth)ratess=-ss cee sesso aces 80. 00 ittaxidermists(persmonth)jateoese seco eae eae eee eee 706. 00 1 assistant taxidermist (per month) at ...................- 60, 00 1 assistant taxidermist (per month) at ...........---...---- 35. 00 ismodgsllors(permonth) aba.cecon ae toes. he ee neeeeee 125, 00 ismodelleri(perdiem)iateseoeces- ose 5 SA ceemecieeeeiseeeee 4.00 ijpreparator(per;month) ate ess. see ee peace 100. 00 ipreparator,(permonthyvatmesscesssicessee es ee isee ee ae 80. 00 ié¢preparator (per month) at cesses eoe se eceiseeep ecto ee 75. 60 dpreparaton (per mombh)\ ate se =.seseet- ase ene eeea ees 65. 00 iprepatator (per month) jateo-4os--seeese seas ses eee eee 60. 00 i preparator (per month) ates ee eeeenee See einsciewe cine ciae 50. 00
—— 13,462. 24 Buildings and labor:
1 superintendent of buildings (per month) at...........--- 137. 50 1 assistant superintendent of buildings (per month) at.-... 85. 00 Mewatehmeni(perimonth)\atesossace cas ieee eealcei ace tee eats 50. 00 A skilled Taborers.@persmonth)jatecess sc. <= oes see ee. eee 50. 00 1 skilled laborer (per diem) at ...... Re iolafere eiscietor eiiteleeeeie es 2. 00 iMaboreri(permonth)) atsocesess ooo oe ces eeiee ce Serre 45. 00 flaborersi(per Month) abeeanccins voccsenn icc cease accemecee es 40. 00 ISilaborerss( per, diem) vabas-ceec- ee elec meee someon ee 1.50 (laborer (per month )iati-cecess sacs -e-eece ee cece eee 25. 00 flaborers(per diem) ates ss se cosecese cee oni cere eeeeeeee rile deattendant(perimonth) "tess as esce eats eee ee cree eae 40. 00 2 avtendants (per monthitatese esas cces sea eeee ee eae ceeee 35.00 iattendant(permonth) ateesssessaece oeeeen eaeeen cae eee 30. 00 ovcleaners((per month) aitijeseecae sete cee ociee eee eee eee 30. 00 l:cleanen(perdiem)ateltseasc- 2 ee ener eee seen 1.00 iimessenven (per month) ata-oc coc neosee eee ae eee aoe eee 45. 00 lemesseneeri(per month) atic-ess s-eccee see eee eee eee 35. 00 SIMESsseneersi (Per Month) ah eeea ces ace saa seeeeeee eee 25. 00 iihmessenver(permonthiatiaae.--scess tec eeeceeceesueceer 20. 00 1 messenger (per. month) atic... 222. ccccce 6 Soon serenscas 15. 00
30, 019, 23
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. XXVII Temporary help: G@opyistsSs--ceececsses scot ane cs eee ayeatciceoeaee ce core $390. 19 BEB DATALOUS eset ects ietss Rea dee See Sccyt essa rien oc) cocieheniiee’s 255. 11 WW OLCLS! qemies sicees occ ccelcce cee Waserecee sche ticeteaews MAR ES eS 10308 1e —- $1, 679. 03 DEC alCOULLACUEWOL Meas am eae a ncaese sane c ons Se eiclenises Sloan cm clsleie eae er- 278530 TN ea Ao eee eee a ee ae ee $108, 495, 66 SUMMARY—PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS, 1889. Directiou—Assistant Secretary ~ s..s0 22-2 .<se<6 cs. e ces sce aces tsee se eces 3, 899. 97 CLEMbNC Statesmen: Seen) eta ees oe 5s ke arte cic ae 32, 000. 55 RO A et eee eee pies s a ene rh ecnees ies e aaa Sse 27, 136. 27 STG) MCA COS meee eerie este pcnnare aa oot ercianacie eras 2/212 ~ ia woke en OR apse: Slane aia. 13, 482. 24 UML PSkan OwlaDOLeaas seaci coca se Mca sc) wcicis «Sa cstqeie cine cists Pesce cai 30, 019. 23 eM POLAnyel AVG ssa rece cokes eect oes atns ce ddbe sce tade scons 1,679.03 Special contract work............. Mewicia tae hace cose iwieivisiels Sohail. 278. 37 Motalspatdtoriservices.>..cae + Ss aes oS cea Shondeck ecw eae eeecescsek $108, 495. 66
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES, JULY 1, 1888, to JUNE 30, 1889.
Appropriation by Congress for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1859, ‘ for cases, furniture, fixtures, and appliances required for the exhibition and safe keeping of the collections of the National Museum, including sal- aries or compensation of all necessary employés” (sundry civil act, Octobenz, 1888) Public. 307,,p: 28) <ccocc- seen cco cess scice Bice cine oe coe crie $40, 000. 00
Classification of expenditures. Salaries or compensation :
1 engineer of property, at $150 per month........-...-2... $1, 800, 00 tieclerk (permonth)) ater. - oo. c5ccckes teen c aca $58. 33 I copyish (per month) atec-ssce1coccae cea occ 58. 33 Iecopyist (per Month) Abi.co.-- soc c-cucsces Sane 45. 00 ALCOMVIStS, (PO MONCH) Ab socc seewcs <icin eon ccccce 40. 00 1 copyist (per month) at....... Bis eslaapeatesoneee 30. 00 — 2, 274. 96 1 cabinetmaker (per diem) at.........-.....---. 3. 00 iecarpenter (per diem) /at..2-5. s.s2e01/--52- 2226" 3. 5U 6 carpenters (per diem) at..................---- 3. 00 2 carpenters (per diem) at.......cs2- ..-25 sec 2. 00 ees 7,179.75 1 painter (per diem) at..........--.ees00. ------ 2.50 1 painter (per month) at............ ....-.-.--.. 50. 00 Zepainters (‘per diem) at..--..io.c. --.cdcesce. eee 2. 00 — 1,918.73 2 laborers (per month) at......-.-.---. ....-... 50. 00 i Jaboreri(per: month) ats... cc2.- ccc esos once : 40. 00 Ggaborers(per diem) Ata. .vecccrecdacesacceccois 1,50 ———_ 2, 954.75 EP cleaner*(per month) ate. ...5.c22ccecceces osee 30. 00 360. 00 Extra temporary help: 6 carpenters (per diem) at...... coco. .s-0s-s00 3. 00 LO laborers: (per: diem))rat.--.-.secsctecue o2ce' 22> - 1.50 i painter (per diem) Abicwsce .ccccs Sees s scecs. 3. 00 PPCODYING) CPOE MONTH) AU: sace veecesca+a cscs cess 40. 00 — 1,176.11
17, 664. 30
XXVIII REPORT OF
Materials, ete.
Eh DIONE CASOS (05 -tszicc se cisee cose seseee erect $7, 933. 35 Designs and drawings for cases.........-..-.--- 170. 00 Drawers; trays. DOXCS)a2-- ese saree eerae aeeeeee 832. 03 Frames, stands, blocks, miscellaneous woodwork 1, 966. 92 (HES) sacSres actos ocod es aser sora tesa sas caoccs GeOrS HMardiwarerandstoolstcss-..c eS = erick Oe neem 1, 253. 83 Cloth, plush, cotton (lining for cases and screens) 98. 54 Gilasspars ses atcysce oasis terse ee rer eee eters 17,70 Chemicals, photo supplies, and instruments...-- £90. 21 eum Der 42 Vere eee ee ee eee a area 1, 966. 83 Paints soil, varnish pbrushes|qace se tassios = ssl 861. 61 Office furniture, desks, mats, ete ....--- se ciswwievatale’s 356. 57 Claires ((forphialll) tae erccs tao ete a ls smeleta seeaeerise 154.50 Metal work, iron, brass, tin, ete..2.52 2.52... --.- 1, 076. 07 Slates bricksastone, plaster s---o5-cteac erie eet 395, 11 Rubber’voods; hose, ‘ete. =. 5522. soc cee ace oo ce ne 421. 88 Fire-proof safe for disbursing clerk .-..-.......- 412. 12 Pravellin exXpensesies ce seoae secisistiom coins \eleoes 16. 02 — $19, 512. 48 Total expenditure July 1, 1888-June 30, 1889......-....-...----$37, 176. 78
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Balance July 1, 1889, to meet outstanding liabilities........-...
HEATING AND LIGHTING, ETC., JULY 1, 1888, TO JUNE 30, 1889.
Appropriation by Congress for the fiscal year ending June 30,
o
1889, ‘‘for expense of heating, lighting
, and electrical and
telephonic service for the National Museum” (sundry civil act, October 2, 1888, Publie- 207, p28) ose. eto ce eee eee $12, 000. 00 Appropriation by Congress ‘ for expenses of heating the U.S. National Museum for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889”
(deficiency act, March 2, 1889, Public 153, p.5.).-...-.-.-.-- 4
Classification of expenditures.
Salaries or compensation: | engineer, at $120 per month 1 chief fireman and machinist, at $65 per month. 5 firemen, at $50 per month 1 telephone clerk, at $55 per month 1 telegraph clerk, at $40 per month
ee ee
General expenses:
Coalfand: wood 122-2 -).0--- Beenine ee ones aetatenets Telephones Electric work Rentalof call- boxes! 5... .---- 15. cece Heating Tepairsi cece sects snieiccs
ee
i
Total expenditure July 1, 1s88-June 30, 1889.-..- Balance July 1, 1889, to meet outstanding habilities-.........-.. $1, 089. 33
$1, 440. 00 130. 00 2,950. 00 660. 00 255. 00
4,188. 43 fatale 600. 16 AT, 24 110. 00 418.73
ae ae eee LOS G7
1, 000. 00
—-——— 13, 000. 00
5, 435. 00
6, 475. 67
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. XXIX
OTHER MUSEUM APPROPRIATIONS.
The balances remaining of the following appropriations, as stated in the last report of the committee, were carried under the action of Re- vised Statutes, section 3090, by the Treasury Department, to the credit of the surplus fund, July 1, 1889:
BEeseLy allOn On COlleCtIONS, [SS0ies = 52-2. occ wisnemcecs « scice cons «scene econ PL 60
Preservation of collections, 1987 . 22.2.2. 2.2) .2s220 eseacel cere eee cee ccsece cece . 02 Burniiburevand fixtures; L886) .-.-5--t. ces cmeccc eeceew eeSece 12 ccs ssccce esse 45. 05 MUMNIbUTe AMA XTUneS LEST 55 ooo eas Fok ec eo ow See yas basi eelec Seed cacheciours 74. 97 PACOSDEV AION | ALINOMV)y LSC stata vaswenickeemss or auce<n wos ecceoneness sone! a9 a 08 Heating and lighting, 1887.............--- area ee aici ee aCe a pusmeenine 18. 54
PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS, 1887-’88.
The balance of $10,345.05 remaining July 1, 1888, of this appropria. tion, as stated in the last report of the committee, has been expended, during the year 1888-89, as follows:
Balancememainino sly Lo lSSen..coce aces ccs costs, sone oeeseeeeeee oss SLO, 345, 05
HalArlesOmCOMPeCUsaulOMcc ces. ce sce eies ose ceiseem cece. $982. OY
SS ete ete nae eee ene we eee ce oe oi Sei a 818. 67
Stationery .......... Eisyes cei cae smersia cma aes naa aise etasawatehte ns 487. 36
BSA eo eae leet eon meen eee ee ere 6, 758. 94
BOOK Ggae erences «eee Mae ie fle siaeisie’s Jac cen ieteis! sia Steeda) se at 289. 25
UT ie en are een ee ete army ata ol ole cero 163. 66
HOV OM ee siete cies a cies) aceic seS~ os eesti aulsetiee so tise chose ects Sue 802. 39 MCMC O mea. fee oes win coisa Secs eS oes Same tot eee es 10, 302. 36 Balancer) UiyelmleSu: eae e gee ae one cee loe ciel Maes «ose oe Se fe 42. 69
The classification of the total expenditure of this appropriation is as follows:
PMOUNG AP PLOPLIAleN ioe ac pees was Sem ohn ease cles Rivie os Se cate ewes mer $116, 000. 00 Expended: SS PIATICS acre sere ase dawns icine saemeincstis cece cise Sees $97, 493. 52 SUG Stare earn teie ens ora eee ctetere = Sine fan mete mee ences 3, 427. 05 SS CAULOMC INV erent eed ee ayaa se ciare ata tsdae Secs) cisise esis 2, 279. 56 SC CIMOM Stee eeieeunaiainins soles via) Noise cis. so sie He's ar cicisieveiciaci=s 8, 797. 59 OOS ies et he tee yao yaan ois ninectetse eo) saine eaine-t2s< se cesaee 739. 61 Pave lee niet eee cu Sec aisnsiaye cnn sac.e so sa sa,a'o a's oid, 32 8a: Scie. g die 986. 51 GIO Mises ce eee oe oie sae cers mci Sei tacione.c vwierahem, bese ctsene 2, 183. 47 Motalexpenditurerc.--2s0 tc ceseimeee tes sce ec can, stetechaccce aon 115, 957. 31 Balance Ul yal WSO! 22s wemie en mae) Saree eciticieciee oeieciels: cise ose 6 42, 69
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES, 1887-88. The balance reported July 1, 1888, of $1,716.96, of this appropriation has been expended during the past year as follows :
Balance uly: le lesser ccmcames: soc me at eos sane so5 < fzee ceew neces ce eee $1, 716. 96 MISS erent AS wee in savaye aeepne tes Sr Se Ue oe See oon ce bei $6482 05 Mra Wels pclavs DOXCS) ClCs9aa sae seme Rook aes a dase (clceeeic be some 208. 87
IAEONV ATS ANG Tht GS hots ocd s ina! see oce > Docc vesicle ecidee cess 259. 03
XXX REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Glass jaret sos soe oie sists ego cte le ein sae a a eee eae Seen eeraers --- $51.20 Chemicalsyand apparatus \cceces. es erie -ueisseeee neem cena cd ao umber ysscis oasis cepa cele wins sstiseilsec ome aie nets cdlacee ce ese sti 184, 71 Paints *andoilis sac Slate osc St soem pssiciaw seinietas isos soe een atic 32. 00 Officefurnitwre).(S2.- ssl. cesses sees ce eeieseessice Sones ectes seiseeees 275. 00 Plumbing, tin, lead, etc. ...-.. Sree ewalee ele elena eater nialecieie eae ee 15. 05 Pi xpen dite. s. 2s. .2ccloe seen Soe s mee eee eenee Py a a at Fac -- $1, 698. 25 Balancer July: 2 So ree crsseersee a soe ee eee ae ee eee eitseletete 18. 71
The following is a classification of the total expenditure of the appro-
priation :
AMOUNUAPPLOPLIAVC Acre scions:scsete sete aoeslons aioe electsenee sie cee eee $40, 000. 00
EXPENDITURE. Salaries or compensation :
Engineer of property, clerks, and copyists...-... $3,970. 00
CAaLPeNUCLS maces: oes weet saree a aisle ves\jatee ete 7, 807.75 RalMbLs vetoes sina e ees sleet ae ae renee 2, 020. 00 WADOLCLS® : sare sie eve wists aims Sate wlove o isiessic wise mle cieyainle 4,926. 04 Cle anerss2, ac ssana-- Sas sesnise siiecccisaisceeeeecse 480. 00
—— $19, 203. 79
Materials, ete.:
xhibibionicasetrames:.s-os. .2ss5eeceee oracess $7, 383. 44-
Designs and drawings for cases. ..---..-.------- 305. 00
Glass hace ctecanasige ce woos ce saSee sem sieheayse eetsaoe 3, 438. 16
Drawers; tlays, DOXCS; ObCisaeseclsciacis saeeeel tacts 804. 01
Hardware and fittings for cases .-.....----.---- 1, 133. 94
Ironibracketsee cscs es eer ees eeacere eer 126. 30
Cloth, cotton, felt (lining for cases)-...--.--.-.-.- 420. 24
Glass jars and containers for specimens......-.- 274, 49
Chemicalsrandsapparatusatenscecen secs. as eae 402. 67
PMI Ons eee tia Se abe ceane sree ae emie eee fete 2, 325. 69
MOONS) ses ci secmrsiewinad este sore winter eee es eee cis 191. 68
Paints and 7oilsisse asec cee oiets sie ae se eee es 781. 99
Office furniture and other fixtures......-.-.---. 2, 059. 75
Piombinotin lead etcosc.« --octsese oe nesinae 904, 59
Slate; tiles; setereiern = ao cystocele ne ee cicic oee ereiete 29. 50
Brushes, brooms, pitchers ene 2-2-1 cs ecicece 111. 47
HP BOD tasoe raion ebeiata seis aye eral eine eepete aterstatete arerete 49. 50
Mrayellincvexpenses secs) .ae-idoceen cee = eseieeee 30. 08
20, 777. 50
Totaliexpenditurercaecascee eae elec aa eeleeie ee efcfelsoine tate sensei 39, 981. 29 Balan Ce sn cirs <5 sinc ceisiese sisie oie wieie Sine is sin telo eto’ emit eee see se tener 18.71 Credit by disallowance on travel account.... ....-. 2.2.6. cee0 cence Se Balance) July Veo. cc cscs ete wos ohesterneale <a inlnieloisie ss eee seers $21. 96
HEATING, LIGHTING, ETC., 1887-’88.
The balance reported last year (July 1, 1888), of $755.89 has been ex-
pended during 1888~89, as follows:
Balanced Wliy, IWS SS ie se emer ore soles cio eie ee siete ete eieietetele oe tec Gaisvec.. 3. ME CRERSS scat eites ise eat woes Denese esl oer eeeee $155. 89 Step OMCs i btn coe es sete oe wate ieee te Se et wid ogion seetoe 183, 00
REPORT OF THE. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, XXXI
MIGCHIIG WOrkyceeee ieee oa Faaaas sncia secs gsc aceces Waselccoecc voce $143. 30 Rental oneal bOxestre-s,.. cs tesco -secteccc se scsee slices erezcecste 20. 00 GAIN oe CD ALL Smee cco cece scec cman cece ccccessccccseciocn cose 250. 00 Ee pen UGULe merle cess cesicok ccielael Sess eee eacjlcs “one ewcece Sase $752. 19 TEREAUICRE Dek LOOM aoe cele Ne 2 eae EOe oi emia de bate Sa Caen awen ems 3. 70 The total expenditures of this appropriation have been as follows: Amount appropriated. cc... .ccccicwoe cass ces. voemsscce deromine ce slau cals $12, 000. 00 EXPENDITURE. Salaries or compensation : PM OME OM we ceeee acme e Aoicieanis oso oe ce ~--- $1,440. 00 Telegraph and telephone cler ies Sea ee eee ee 1, 140. 00 Piremen and machinists... c<scceecew ecco ssr--~ Oy 4i3.00 — $6, 053. 36 Supplies: Coaltand wood 4oseec0<cc osc casi Nels emerseeesnn sae 3, 014, 08 Cases as sole sieac Mac ste sates weiarsieote seis ics e cee 950, 98 MIO DUONCS Serene nts we cctucccancce nasa ss does e 771. 65 MIGCURIC- WOK 2 c\swale nin sine eieielae meee co aa 2e6 436. 50 Hono) OL Call VORCHF= oo sc sacecee eset snses 130. 00 PICAUINS TepalEs esac e cncinetia sem cvacses weee rece 639. 73 === 5, 942, 94 Ola wex PODGUIMTONE cn caclilseiinie se cecisciet seo siatenice ces ear 11, 996. 30 Balance) Ulivale | SSO cece cle ciate ete ea em sicmicwie - noe ne cen eeis $3, 70 RECAPITULATION.
The total amount of the funds administered by the Institution during the year ending 30th of June, 188), appears, from the foregoing state- ments and the account books, to have been as follows
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
From balance of Jast year, July 1, 1888.....-.....-.-....... $4, 809. 23 From interest on Smithsonian fund for the year........-..--- 42, 180, 00 Brom) sales of publications. 2222 2-22-cccee son's $431. 82 From repayments for freight, etc............---- 3, 328, 71 as S960, 58 Motalesass-sacicses soc sc oce stocaate see Natale messi eisiersie cis © a cauce Sere $50, 749. 76
Appropriations committed by Congress to the care of the Institution.
International exchanges: Plan COMlSSS sess, cc mae. w-daresiwcicicis eaeeeses oe $50. 17
Ben eae 8G. 6.7 en eee te oan twsdancs 15, 000. 00 —— $15, 050, 17
North American ethnology: Balance plessee sone tee leas aces. os anes -aace $7, 847. 08
HMOrslSSS— (BO io. socio iatecnreete arto seals orebiemee ne 40, 000. 00 ——— 47,847.08
Smithsonian building repairs:
Balances Sh Syser sserect ots. ee een te anise see we oe ates 2, 280. 04 Preservation of collections:
Balance, 1888 Se. o saree eerie cess ote 2s eS oe 10, 345. 05
HOTISES=SON a5 Fae eee See eect see ees 125, 000. 00
——-— _ 1985, 345, 05
XXXII REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Furniture and fixtures:
Balance elses essen: conqisisiwers is cisisinc ce sioiesiete $1, 716. 96 MOV BBS=69 reacts coencaciesiomnmieioisistencieeenemiaiers 40, 000. 00 ——— $41,716. 96 Heating, lighting, ete.: Balance miSSSee see cresccc clcnwaineeleeio asia 755. 89 OTH SSS SO) wa sminekestcle stcloticiciers cisisversicloneclareiste 13, 000. 00 -—— 13,755.89 MD OUAL Sos era ctensei sje ro) wa) oye leialavwieresseve 5 2 alee) sjteloa a nove ie Ne note steers arte $255, 995. 19 Grand total =.c- asccied Scotts s Sa seioeeetnisine eeoces eee es acevo ae $306, 744. 95
The committee has examined the vouchers for payments made from the Smithsonian income during the year ending 30th June, 1889, all of which bear the approval of the Secretary of the Institution, or, in his absence, of the assistant secretary as acting Secretary, and a certifi- cate that the materials and services charged were applied to the pur- poses of the Institution.
The committee has also examined the accounts of the “international exchanges,” and of the ‘National Museum,” and finds that the bal- ances above given correspond with the certificates of the disbursing clerk of the Smithsonian Institution, whose appointment as such dis: bursing officer was accepted, and his bonds approved, by the Secretary of the Treasury.
The quarterly accounts-current, the vouchers and-journals, have been examined and found correct.
The abstracts of expenditures and balance sheets under the appro- priation for ‘‘ North American ethnology” have been exhibited to us; the vouchers for the expenditures, after approval by the Director of the Bureau of Ethnology, are paid by the disbursing clerk of said Bu- reau, and after- approval by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- tion are transmitted to the accounting officers of the Treasury Depart- ment for settlement. The disbursing officer of the Bureau is accepted as such and his bonds approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. The balance available tu meet outstanding liabilities on Ist July, 1889, as reported by the disbursing clerk of the Bureau, is $13,491.22.
Statement of regular income from the Smithsonian fund, to be available for use in the year ending June 30, 1890.
Balanceron hand: June 30), (S80 eeraas aoe ee ee eee enone aera $11, 757. 47 Interestidueland-receivable July: llS89e asses eae cine sete cee ener 21, 090. 00 Interest due and receivable January 1, 1690: 222 -25.-2- 22 2. csc sce eee 21, 090. 00
Total available for year ending June 30, 1890........---.........- $53, 937. 47
Respectfully submitted. JAMES C. WELLING. HENRY COPPEE.
M. C. MEIGS. WASHINGTON, October 15, 1889.
©
ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS RELATIVE TO THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUM, ETC.
(In continuation from previous reports. )
[ Fiftieth Congress, second session, L888—’89. | INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES.
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES—SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION: For ex- penses of the system of international exchanges between the United States and foreign countries, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, including salaries or compensation of all necessary em- ployees, fifteen thousand dollars.
(Sundry civil appropriation act. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes, XXV, p. 952.) .
NAVAL OBSERVATORY: For payment to Smithsonian Institution for freight on Observatory publications sent to foreign countries, one hun- dred and thirty-six dollars.
(Legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act. Approved February 26, 1889. Statutes, xxv, p. 733.)
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE: For purchase of books, and ex- penses of transporting publications of patents issued by the Patent Office to foreign Governments, three thousand dollars.
(Legislative, executive, and judicial appropriations act. Approved February 26, 1889. Statutes, xxv, p. 737.)
WAR DEPARTMENT: For the transportation of reports and maps to foreign countries through the Smithsonian Institution, one hundred dollars.
(Sundry civil appropriation act. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes XXV, p. 970.)
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY: For the purchase of nec- essary books for the library, and the payment for the transmission of public documents through the Smithsonian exchange, five thousand dollars; in all four hundred and three thousand dollars.
(Sundry civil appropriation act. Approved March 2.1889, Statutes XxV, p. 960.)
NORTH AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.
For the purpose of continuing ethnological researches among the American Indians, under the direction of the Secretary of the Smith- soniap Institution, including salaries or compensation of all necessary employees, forty thousand dollars.
(Sundry civil appropriation act. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes XXV, p. 952.)
H. Mis. 224——111 XXXII
-
XXXIV ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
HEATING AND LIGHTING: For expense of heating the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty nine, one thousand dollars.
(Act to supply deficiencies. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes KV) P09.)
HEATING AND LIGHTING: For expense of heating, lighting, and elec- trical and telephonic service for the National Museum, twelve thousand dollars.
PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM: For the preservation, exhibition, and increase of the collections from the surveying and exploring expeditions of the Government, and from other sources, including salaries or compensation of all necessary employees, one hundred and forty thousand dollars.
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM: For cases, furniture, fixtures, and appliances required for the exhibition and safe- keeping of the collections of the National Museum, including salaries or compensation of all necessary employees, thirty thousand dollars.
PosvAGE: For postage-stamps and foreign postal-cards for the Na- tional Museum, one thousand dollars.
(Sundry civilappropriation act. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes XXV, pp. 952, 953.)
PUBLIC PRINTING AND BINDING FOR THE NATIONAL MUSEUM: For printing labels and blanks for the use of the National Museum, and for the “Bulletins,” and annual volumes of the “Proceedings” of the Museum, ten thousand dollars.
(Sundry civil appropriation act. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes MK Vs p- 979.)
FisH Commission: For altering and fitting up the interior of the Armory Building, on the Mall, city of Washington, now occupied as a hatching station, for the accommodation of the offices of the United States Fish Commission, and for general repairs to said building, inelu- ding the heating apparatus, and for repairing and extending the out- buildings, seven thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be neces- sary, the same to be immediately available and to be expended under the direction of the Architect of the Capitol; and for the purpose above named the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution is hereby required to move from the second and third stories of this building all properties except such as are connected with the workshops hereinafter named, under his control; and the workshops now in the second story of said building shall be transferred to and provided for in the third story thereof. And the Architect of the Capitol is hereby directed to ex- amine and make report to Congress at its next regular session as to the practicability and cost of constructing a basement story under the Na- tional Museum Building.
(Sundry civil appropriation act. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes XXV, p. 953.)
ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
SEc. 4. For the establishment of a zoological park in the District of Columbia, two hundred thousand dollars, to be expended under and in accordance with the provisions following, that is to say:
That in order to establish a zoological park in the District of Co- lumbia, for the advancement of science and the instruction and recrea- tion of the people, a commission shall be constituted, composed of three
ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS. XXXV
persons, namely: The Secretary of the Interior, the president of the board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, which shall be known and designated as the commission for the establishment of a zoological park.
That the said commission is hereby authorized and directed to make an inspection of the country along Rock Creek, between Massachusetts avenue extended and where said creek is crossed by the road leading west from Brightwood crosses said creek, and to select from that district of country such a tract of land, of not less than one hundred acres, which shall include a section of the creek, as said commission shall deem to be suitable and appropriate for a zoological park.
That the said commission shall cause to be made a careful map of said zoological park, showing the location, quantity, and character of each parcel of private property to be taken for such purpose, with the names of the respective owners inscribed thereon, and the said map shall be filed and recorded in the publie records .of the District of Co- lumbia; and from and after that date the several tracts and parcels of land embraced in such zoological park shall be held as condemned for pubiic uses, subject to the payment of just compensation, to be deter- mined by the said commission and approved by the President of the United States, provided that such compensation be accepted by the owner or owners of the several parcels of land.
That if the said commission shall be unable to purchase any portion of the land so selected and condemned within thirty days after such condemnation, by agreement with the respective owners, at the price ap- proved by the President of the United States, it shall, at the expiration of sucb period of thirty days, make application to the supreme court of the District of Columbia, by petition, at a general or special term, for an assessment of the value of such land, and said petition shall con- tain a particular description of the property selected and condemned, with the name of the owner or owners thereof, and his, her, or their residences, as far as the same may be ascertained, together with a copy of the recorded map of the park; and the said court is hereby author- ized and required, upon such application, without delay, to notify the owners and occupants of the land and to ascertain and assess the value of the land so selected and condemned by appointing three commis- sioners to appraise the value or values thereof, and to return the ap- praisement to the court ; and when the values of such land are thus ascertained, and the President shall deem the same reasonable, said values shall be paid to the owner or owners, and the United States shall be deemed to have a valid title to said lands.
That the said commission is hereby authorized to call upon the Super- intendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, or the Director of the Geological Survey to make such surveys as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this section; and the said officers are hereby authorized and required to make such surveys under the direc- tion of said commission.
(Appropriation act to provide for expenses of the government of the District of Columbia, etc. Approved March 2, 1889. Statutes xxv, p. 808.) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.
Cuap. 20.—AN ACT to incorporate the American Historical Association.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Andrew D. White, of Ithaca, in the State of New York; George Bancroft, of Washington,
XXXVI ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS.
in the District of Columbia; Justin Winsor, of Cambridge, in the State of Massachusetts; William F. Poole, of Chicago, in the State of Llli- nois; Herbert B. Adams, of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland; Clar- ence W. Bowen, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, their associates and successors, are hereby created in the District of Columbia a body corporate and politic, by the name of the American Historical Associa- tion, for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preserva- tion of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history and of history in America. Said association is authorized to hold real and personal estate in the District of Columbia so far only as may be necessary to its lawful ends to an amount not ex- ceeding five hundred thousand dollars, to adopt a constitution, and to make by-laws not inconsistent with law. Said association shall have its principal office at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and may hold its annual meetings in such places as the said incorporators shall determine. Said association shall report annually to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution concerning its proceedings and the condi- tion of historical study in America. Said Secretary shall communicate to Congress the whole of such reports, or such portion thereof as he shall see fit. The Regents of the Smithsonian Institution are authorized to permit said association to deposit its collections, manuscripts, books, pamphlets, and other material for history in the Smithsonian Institution or in the National Museum, at their discretion, upon such conditions ard under such rules as they shall prescribe. (Approved, January 4, 1889, Statutes XXv, p. 640.)
SPECIAL MEETING OF THE REGENTS.
WASHINGTON, D. C., November 18, 1887.
A special meeting of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian In- stitution was held this day at the Institution at half past 10 o’clock A. M.
Present, Hon. Morrison R. Warr, Chief Justice of the United States, Chaneellor of the Institution; Hon. Jonn J. INGALLS, Presi- dent of the Senate of the United States ; Hon. JusTin S. MoRRILL, Hon. SHELBY M. CuLLom, Hon. WILLIAM L. WILSON, Prof. ASA GRAY, Prof. HENRY COPPEE, Dr. JAMES C. WELLING, Gen. MONTGOMERY C. MErGs, Prof. JAMES B. ANGELL.
The Chancellor stated that the present meeting had been called in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress organizing the Institution, at the request of three of the Regents which had been made to the Acting Secretary in the following communication :
Sirk: Ata meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Re- gents of the Smithsonian Institution, November 3, 1887, the following preamble and resolutions were adopted :
Whereas, the death of Professor Baird, the honored Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, occurred at a time in the last summer when frcm the absence of certain Regents in Europe, and from. the dispersion of others in different parts of the country, it was found impracticable to summon the Board of Regents in extraordinary session, that if might take appropriate action in the premises under the immediate pressure of that deplorable event; and
Whereas, the time bas now come when such an extraordinary meet- ing is practicable, and is believed to be required alike by the proprie- ties and by the possible exigencies of the situation resulting from the lamented death of the late Secretary: Therefore be it
Resolved, That the Acting Secretary of the Institution be requested tocall a special meeting of the Board of Regents to be held on Friday, November 18, at 10:30 A.M.
JAMES C. WELLING. HENRY COPPEE. M. C. MEIGS.
The Chancellor read the following letter from Dr. Noah Porter, one of the Regents :
YALE COLLEGE, November 14, 1887.
DEAR Str: I had made all necessary arrangements to be present at. the meeting of the Regents which has been called for the 18th instant, when I was summoned to respond to another engagement of long stand- ing, the time for which was fixed on the same day. I regret that 1 can
XXX VII
XXXVIII JOURNAL OF PROCHKEDINGS.
not be present at Washington as it would give me very great satisfac- tion to honor the memory of our late distinguished Seeretary for the singular fidelity, forecast, and devotion with which he has discharged the manifold duties of this office, and the eminent success which has crowned his enterprising labors. Under his administration the Smith- sonian Institution has enlarged its sphere of usefulness and activity and has established itself most firmly in the confidence and esteem of the American people. The direct services which the late Secretary rendered to the wealth and welfare of the American people through his connection with the Fish Commission and the honor which he gained for his country abroad are too well known to need any com- ment, while his personal simplicity and integrity are above all praise.
Very respectfully,
NOAH PORTER. S. P. LANGLEY, Esq., Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
The Chancellor, Chief Justice Waite, then madethe following re- marks :
GENTLEMEN OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS: It is my sad duty to announce to you the death of Spencer Fullerton Baird, LL. D., the Secretary of the Institution, at Wvod’s Holl, Mass., on the 19th day of August last. Professor Baird was appointed by the lamented Professor Henry, while Secretary of the Institution, on the 5th of July, 1850, under the authority of this Board, to the office of Assistant Secretary “in the department of natural history, to take charge of the Museum, and to render such other assistance as the Secretary may require.” He entered at once on the performance of his duties, and until the * death of Professor Henry, nearly 28 years afterwards, filled his place with great ability, and to the entire satisfaction of his distinguished chief and of the Regents.
Professor Henry died on the !3th of May, 1878, and on the 17th of the same month Professor Baird was unanimously chosen his successor as Secretary of the Institution. From that day until he died he was faithful to every duty of his high office, and devoted himself untiringly to giving effect to the will of our munificent founder by the * increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.”
As his death occurred when some of you were absent in Europe, and others away in different parts of this country, it was found impracti- cable to get an extraordinary meeting of the Board to take action upon the deplorable event at that time. We have now met for that purpose and I invite your special attention to the subject.
Senator Justin 8, Morrill moved that Prof.S. P. Langley be appointed to fill the vacancy in the office of Secretary created by the death of Professor Baird.
It having been represented that the Executive Committee had pre- pared a minute of proceedings to be submitted to the Board, and that paper having been called for, it was read by the chairman, Dr. J.C. Welling:
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. XX XIX
“The Executive Committee beg leave respectfully to represent that in the preamble and resolution accompanying the call of the Acting Secre- tary for the present extraordinary meeting of the Board of Regents, they suppose themselves to have sufficiently set forth the reasons why this eall has been so long delayed ; the reasons which dictate the expediency of holding an extraordinary meeting at the present time, and therefore the objects which may properly engage the attention of the Board in view of the proprieties and exigencies of the situation resulting from the lamented death of the late Secretary.
Cherishing for the late Professor Baird the profound regard inspired by his talents, by his great attainments, by his life-work in the cause of science, and by his distinguished services to the Smithsonian Insti- tution, and not doubting that this sentiment is shared by every mem- ber of the Board, your committee have thought that it was due alike to the memory of the departed Secretary whom we all held in high- est honor, and to our own sense of the loss which the scientific world In common with this Institution has sustained in his death, that we should proceed, at the earliest practicable day, to take that appropri- ate action in the premises which is dictated by our intimate official and personal relations with the departed Secretary, and by a sincere desire on our part to testify and record our heartfelt admiration of the great and good man whose death we deplore.
With regard to any exigencies, actual or contingent, resulting from the death of the late Secretary, it does not need to be said that first im order and first in importance stands the electing of a Secretary. Though the transactions had by the Board at the last annual meeting, in the appointment of the Assistant Secretary, who is now the Acting Secretary of the Institution, may have simplified the solution of this problem so far as we are concerned, yet there are obvious considerations of delicacy which, in the case of a sensitive and refined nature like that of the eminent man in question, must preclude him from acting with official freedom, and with a full sense of executive authority, until the mind of the Board shall have been definitely declared with regard to the sue. cession in this most responsible office; and in the mean time he natu- rally shrinks from doing aught in his office which may seem to conclude the final action of the Board in the premises.
As to any possible exigencies which may have arisen in consequence of the multiplied engagements of the late Secretary, who, besides his duties as the executive officer of the Smithsonian Institution, was also charged with the direction of the U.S. National Museum, of the Bu- reau of Ethnology, and of the U.S. Fish Commission, we beg leave to say that certain important questions of future policy, deeply concern ing the prosperity of the Institution and the cause of American science, may possibly be thrust upon the Board at this juncture in a way to cali for careful consideration, if not for immediate decision.
It is known to us all that Prof. Joseph Henry, the first Secretary and
XL JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.
the organizer of the Smithsonian Institution,entertained the settled opin- ion thatits operations“ should be mingled as littie as possible with those of the Government ;” that the funds of the Institution, being specifically devoted by theterms of Smithson’s bequest to a prescribed object,should not be diverted to other objects, and that consequently the activities of the Secretary should not be engrossed by other engagements which, from their nature or from the administrative cares incident to their manage- ment, might be judged to impair the distinctive singleness and highest efficiency of the Institution in laboring for ‘the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” He a'so held that the necessity laid upon the Institution of making annual appeals to Congress for the support and extension of adjuncts not essential to the conduct of its own special operations is a necessity which should be avoided as far as practicable in the interests of a dignified and single-minded administration of the Smithson trust; and hence he thought it desirable that some more defi- nite distinction should be made between the Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum, if on the whole it should be judged best to re- tain them under a common jurisdiction. His own judgment inclined in favor of their entire separation. In the presence of additional engage- ments so vast, multiform, and important as those involved in the con- duct of the Fish Commission, it is obvious that these opinions of Pro- fessor Henry would have gained an added emphasis.
The late Secretary, Professor Baird, while acquiescing in the strict views of Professor Henry with regard to the precise terms of the Smith- sonian bequest, and while faithfully working, within the proper sphere of the Smithsonian Institution, on the general lines laid down by his predecessor, did not, it is presumed, entirely share Professor Henry’s opinions as to the reflex influence and effect exerted by the adjuncts in question upon the normal function and legitimate fame of the Smithson- lan Institution. Endowed with a wonderful capacity for administrative detail, and capable of inspiring his subordinates with enthusiam in their work and with loyalty to their official chief, he doubtless saw in these manifold adjuncts of the Institution only so many auxiliaries to its be- neficent design (“ the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men”), and therefore only so many additional accessories to its usefulness and glory.
Set as your committee are to execute the will of the Regents and not at all to define the scope or policy of the Institution, if would obviously be impertinent on our part to essay any prejudgments on the questions that may be raised by the existing attitude of the Institution consid- ered in the kind or degree of its relations to the National Museum, to the Bureau of Ethnology, and to the Fish Commission. The former two of these adjuncts are parts and parcel of our jurisdiction, while the latter from its inception was placed under the responsible management of the late Secretary, and is now under the direction of Assistant Sec- retary Goode.
- JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. XLI
But while we can not venture on any definitions of policy (all ques: tions of policy having been left by us in abeyance), we may properly re- call to the recollection of the Board one great leading principle which has prevailed in the administration of the Institution from its begin. ning down to the present day; that principle is, that the Secretary 1s charged with plenary power in his office, and therefore with an entire and undivided responsibility for the right and proper administration of the Smithson trust. That trust gives to him the reason of his offi- cial being, and it is conferred by the Regents, without restrictions of their own, because of the confidence reposed in the ability, integrity, and discretion of the Secretary. Hence any change of policy which should require a division of responsibility because of a multiplicity or heterogeneity of operations, would work an entire change in the theory of our administration, would break up the continuity of our history, and might seriously jeopard the efficiency of the Institution by marring jts harmony and unity. This harmony and this unity of operations would therefore seem to require the establishment of a permanent and definite line of policy to be pursued by the Institution as far as pos- sible without break and without chasm because of changes occurring in its executive head.
It is obvious that anything like a fundamental revision and reconsti- tution of the proper work and proper relations of the Institution re- curring periodically at the death of each Secretary would be fraught with serious detriment to its usefulness and to its fame. But if the specific nature and at the same time the ensemble of its general opera- tions can be maintained, it would seem that those operations may re- ceive any addition or undergo any extension which shall be found compatible with prudent and efficient administration under a single head. + How far, therefore, the ties which now bind the Institution to the National Museum, to the Bureau of Ethnology, and to certain sei- entific aspects of the Fish Commission, should be tightened or loosened is a question of expediency to be determined by a careful analysis and a deliberate weighing of all the elements involved in the problem set before us—that is, by considering and judging how far each and all of these adjuncts may be made ancillary to the proper work of the Smithsonian Institution under the conduct of a single responsible ex- ecutive officer.
It is with these general convictions, and with the view of bringing more definitely before you the subject-matters which would seem to call for deliberation at this extraordinary session, that we venture tosub- mit the following resolutions to your consideration, some of which, it will be seen, are suggested as mere starting points for discussion :
1. Resolved, That a committee of three Regents be appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the exalted admiration cherished by the Board for the late Spencer F. Baird, LL. D., our gratitude for the long, faith- ful, and abundant labors which he performed in the service of this In- stitution, our reverence for his memory, and our profound sense of the loss which the cause of science has sustained in his lamented death,
XLII JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.
2, Resolved, That this Board do now proceed at once to the election of a Secretary to fill the vacancy created by the death of Professor Baird, and that the rights, powers, aud duties of the Secretary thus elected, as well as his salary and emoluments, shall be the same as those pre- scribed by the existing regulations.
3. Resolved, That the newly appointed Secretary is hereby requested to make report in writing at the coming annual meeting, on any changes which may seem to him desirable in the organization of the Smithsonian Institution considered in its relations to the National Museum, to the Bureau of Ethnology, and to such scientific aspects of the Fish Com- mission as he may deem germane to the proper theory of the Institu- tion, avd which shall be capable of reduction under its wise and effi- cient administration—thatis, to consider and report how far the existing relations between all or any of these adjuncts and the Smithsonian In- stitution should be increased, altered, diminished, or abolished in order the better to promote the original and organic design of the Institution as established by Congress.
4. Resolved, That a committee of three shall be designated by the Chair, to be composed of one Regent appointed from the Senate, one Regent appointed from the House of Representatives, and one Regent appointed from the States, whose duty it shall be to investigate and consider all the questions that may be suggested by the nature or ex- tent of the relations now subsisting between the Smithsonian Institu- tion and anyor all of the other objects and adjuncts which are now more or less definitely and completely under its administration, or un- der the personal administration of its Assistant Secretary; that the said committee, in maturing their views, be invited freely and frankly to acquaint themselves with the opinions and judgments of the Secretary, who, to this end, is hereby requested to communicate to the said com- mittee, in the first instance, any recommendations which he shall sub- mit in pursuance of the preceding resolution ; and, finally, that the said committee be instructed to report to the Board at the annual meeting appointed to take place on the 18th of January next, a digest of any additional plans, policies or methods of administration which they shall judge expedient in order to meet any adjustment of relations that shall seem to be required by the best interests of the Institution committed to our charge.”
The first resolution in the foregoing series was then taken up for con- sideration, and on motion of Dr. Gray it was adopted.
Messrs. Gray, Ingalls, and Welling were appointed a committee to draft resolutions in honor of the late Secretary, and that committee, through its chairman, Dr. Gray, reported the following preamble and series of resolutions :
Whereas in the dispensation of Divine Providence, the mortal life of SPENCER FULLERTON BAIRD was ended on the 19th of August last, the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, now at the earliest practi- cable moment assembled, desire to express and record their profound sense of the great loss which this Institution has thereby sustained, any which they personally have sustained, and they accordingly re- solve—
1. That iv the lamented death of Professor Baird the Institution is bereaved of its honored and efficient Secretary, who has faithfully and unremittingly devoted to its service his rare administrative abilities for thirty-seven years; that is, almost from the actual foundation of the
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. XLIil
establishment, for the Jast nine years as its chief executive officer, under whose sagacious management it has greatly prospered and widely ex- tended its usefulness and its renown.
2. That the National Museum, of which this Institution is the admin- istrator, and the ‘ish Commission, which is practically affiliated to it— both organized and in a just sense created by our late Secretary—are by this bereavement deprived of the invaluable and unpaid services of their indefatigable ofticial head.
3. That the cultivators of science, both in this country and abroad, have to deplore the loss of a veteran and distinguished naturalist, who was from early years a sedulous and successful investigator, whose native gifts and whose eXperience in systematic biological work served inno small degree to adapt him to the administrative duties which filled the later years of his life, but whose knowledge and whose interest in science widened and deepened as his opportunities for special investi- gation lessened, and who accordingly used his best endeavors to pro- mote the researches of his fellow naturalists in every part of the world.
4. That his kindly disposition, equable temper, singleness of aim, and unsullied purity of motive, along with his facile mastery of affairs, greatly endeared him to his subordinates, secured tohim the confidence é and trust of those whose influence he sought for the advancement of the interests he had at heart, and won the | high regard and warm affece- tion of those who, like the members of this ‘Board, were Officially and intimately associated with him.
5. That without intruding into the domain of private sorrow the Re-
gents of the Institution would respectfully offer to the family of their late Secretary the assurance of their profound sympathy. 6. That the Regents invite the near associate of the late Secretary, Professor Goode, to prepare a memorial of the life and services of Pro- fessor Baird for publication in the ensuing annual report of the Institu- tion.
The resolutions were seconded by Dr. Coppée, who made the following remarks:
Mr. Chancellor, I rise to second the resolutions.
As IT have been to some extent associated with Professor Baird as Regent since 1874, when I found him here as Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, to which post he was appointed in 1850, it may be proper that I should ask your patience while I add a single word to the eloquent tribute of just eulogium offered to his memory in the resolutions of Professor Gray and the committee.
When the distinguished Professor Henry was called to his rest and reward in 1878, amid tokens of grief in yonder Capitol, there was a hearty concurrence of voices in the Board of Regents to appoint Pro- fessor Baird to the vacant place. At that time, sir, it seemed, in con- tradiction of the maxim of the French philosopher, that he was a neces- sary man. His large scientific scope, his great knowledge and success as a specialist in natural history just when that branch of science needed particular attention to meet its expanding claims, his wonder- ful industry, his intimate acquaintance with the system and the details of the Institution, his thorough and brotherly sympathy with its scien- tific workers, and, withal, his great and increasing reputation, formed;
XLIV - JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.
in the view of the Regents, the strongest grounds for his appointment. Without making comparisons, he was eminently worthy to succeed our earlier and illustrious scientist and Secretary.
Earnest, courteous, painstaking and exact, he allowed the Institution to suffer no detriment at his hands. It is specially significant of his unremitting care for it, that, last year when he was suffering from nerv- ous prostration, in his eagerness to provide for its future welfare he asked the Board to appoint an assistant, who should aid him in his onerous labors, and who, in the event of his permanent disability or death, should assume the government of the Institution until the Board of Regents could take action.
Sir, the sad necessity came far too soon. It has called us together to-day to mourn his loss, recall his virtues and merits, and fill his vacant place.
The Smithsonian Institution, which had but one Secretary betore him, will in the flight of time have many. Let me conclude by express- ing my conviction that among them there will not be a more excellent Secretary than he, nor a nobler character than that of Spencer Fuller- ton Baird.
The resolutions were then unanimously adopted by arising vote.
The second of the foregoing resolutions was then adopted, and im- mediately thereupon Senator Morrill renewed the nomination of Pro- fessor Langley as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
The motion was seconded by Dr. Welling.
In rising to second the motion, Dr. Welling said that he had it in charge from Professor Langley to make to the Board on his behalf a certain representation which seemed to him (Professor Langley) to be due in order that the pending question might be considered with entire | eandor and freedom on all sides. Dr. Welling said that it was well under- stood that Professor Langley had been nominated by the late Secretary as an assistant secretary of the Institution because of the eminent ability he had shown and the distinguished reputation he had already gained as an original investigator in an important branch of physical science. The achievements which Professor Langley had made in astro- nomical physics were of a nature to shed luster on his name and do high honor to American science. It would bea great loss to the cause of science and a great loss to the best interests of this Institution if the capacity for original research thus demonstrated by Professor Langley should be smothered by the mere drudgery of official cares and admin- istrative details. It might be proper to state that Professor Langley had brought himself to entertain the proposition now pending before the Board only after much misgiving on his own part, and after much ear- nest remonstrance on the part of the friends who knew him best as a scientific worker, and who feared that in accepting this office, dignified and inviting as it is, he might be making a mistake for the interests of science and for himself by sacrificing even higher duties and foregoing
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. XLV
even higher honors than those awaiting him as director of this Insti- tution.
Now however that the question of the succession in the office of the Secretary had been precipitated at an earlier date than we all had ex- pected when he was chosen an assistant secretary, Professor Langley held that it was due to the Board and due to himself that he should frankly state the understanding with which he had finally brought him- self to the belief that it was his duty to accept the office of Secretary if it should be conferred upon him by the Board. This understanding was that while, if called to such a responsible trust, he must needs give with all fidelity and with all conscientiousness the full measure of time, thought, and care which shall seem to be required by the Institution and by its adjuncts, he did not construe this obligation as precluding the possibility of sometimes giving to himself that physical rest and mental diversion which should come to every man whois burdened with the discharge of an exacting office. Professor Langley had doubtless observed that the first Secretary of the Institution, Professor Henry, had sougit such rest and such diversion in the change of labor brought to him by the chairmanship of the Light-House Board, and in the performance of this function we all knew that Professor Henry had done good work for the cause of science (as wituess his researches in sound and in the economies of light-house illuminants), and therefore a work which had redounded to the honor of the Smithsonian Institution.
Professor Langley had also observed, we may presume, that the late Secretary, with the approval of this Board, had engaged in great and useful labors connected with the Fish-Commission, and that hence in our judgment there was no incompatibility in the pursuit by our Secre- tary of certain labors extraneous to the immediate precinets of the In- stitution, if they could be pursued without detriment to its best efficiency and to the full development of its capacity for usefulness. It was in this view that Professor Langley begged leave to represent that he, too, might sometimes wish to find rest and refreshment in a change of labor from the ordinary routine of official administration in connection with the Institution, and he would naturally look for such rest and refresh- ment in the further pursuit of his favorite scientific researches, so far, and only so far, as that pursuit could be made consistent with his para- mount duty to the Smithsonian Institution.
Dr. Welling then added that, speaking for himself as a member of the Board, he felt free to express the conviction that these “ leisure labors” would serve to enhance the title of Professor Langley to the Director- ship of an Institution which had for its object “ the increase and diffu- sion of knowledge among men;” and while the statement thus made at the instance of Professor Langley might have seemed to be required by an honorable frankness on bis part, the Board would be likely to find in this frankness a further ground of confidence in the high sense of honor and duty which he would bring to the discharge of his respon-
XLVI JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS,
sible office. We might therefore trust with the full assurance of faith that the Institution in his case, as in the case of his distinguished predecessors, would be only the gainer by such intervals of rest as he might seek in the interest of his health, and by such vicissitudes of labor as he might seek in the interest alike of this Institution and of his chosen studies. Such intervals of rest, orat least such variety of labor, were especially necessary to a man who is placed under stress and pres- Sure of heavy administrative cares, like those devolved on the Directcr of this Institution, and the Board had in the character of Professor Langley the best possible guaranty that he could be freely trusted to decide all such questions of duty according to a delicate and conscien- tious sense of right.
The Board then proceeded to ballot for the election of Secretary. Ten votes were cast, all of which were found to be for Professor Langley, who was thereupon declared by the Chancellor to be duly elected as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
After some discussion upon the remaining two resolutions in the fore- going series as reported by the executive committee—a discussion par- ticipated in by Messrs. Morrill, Welling, Gray, Coppée, and others— ihe resolutions were withdrawn.
Dr. Welling was appointed to inform Professor Langley of his elec- tion, and having done so, he was introduced to the Board, and in a few remarks expressed his acceptance of the office of Secretary with a solemn sense of the responsibility devolved upon him, and high appreciation of the honor which had been conferred.
Dr. Welling offered the following resolution, which was adopted:
Whereas the remains of the late Prof. Spencer F. Baird have not yet been committed to their last resting place; and
Whereas this solemn ceremonial has been postponed at the request of members of this Board and others, that the friends of the late Secre- tary in Congress might have the opportunity of testifying by their pres- ence at his grave the respect in which they held him while living, and their reverence for his memory now that he is no more: Therefore be it
Resolved, That the Secretary of the Institution, after conference with Mrs. Baird, be requested to issue public notice of the time and place which shall be appointed for these funeral services, and to send a spe- cial notice to the members of the Smithsonian Establishment and of the Board of Regents.
On motion of General Meigs it was—
Resolved, That the Secretary be authorized to call the annual meet- ing of the Board for the present year at the time fixed for the funeral of Professor Baird.
On motion of Dr. Coppée it was—
Resolved, That the Secretary be authorized to purchase the oil por- trait of Professor Baird, painted by Henry Ulke, now exhibited to the Regents, at a cost not to exceed $300.
The Board then adjourned to meet at the call of the Secretary.
REPORT OF 8. P. LANGLEY,
SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1889.
To the. Board of Regents of the Smithsonian I nstitution:
GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to present the report upon the oper- ations of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1889, together with the customary summary of the work performed by the Bureau of Exchanges, the National Museum, and the Bureau of Eth- nology.
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. THE BOARD OF REGENTS.
As the Annual Reports of the Secretary are intended to present a history of the affairs of the Institution, it seems proper to state that by the appointment of the Hon. Melville W. Fuller as Chief Justice of the United States, the latter became ev officio a regent of the Institution, and that at the annual meeting of the Board of Regents, held on the 9th of January, 1889, he was unanimously elected its chancellor.
The Hon. Levi P. Morton has become a Regent by his election as Vice-President, the holder of that high office being ex officio a Regent of the Institution.
The terms of Senator 8S. M. Cullom, appointed March 23, 1885, and Senator R. L. Gibson, appointed December 10, 1887, having expired on March 3 of the present year, those gentlemen were re-appointed by the President of the Senate.
The Board has lost from its number by death the Hon. 8. 8S. Cox, long connected with the Institution; but this event having occurred since the expiration of the year which forms the subject of this report, the re- marks called out by this great loss will be more properly made in a later communication.
FINANCES.
{ have in my last report referred to the fact that owing to the chang- ing value of money, the purchasing power of the Smithsonian fund, in the language of a committee of the Regents—
‘“while nominally fixed, is growing actually less year by year, and of less and less importance in the work it accomplishes with reference to H. Mis, 224 af l
2 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
the immense extension of the country since the Government accepted the trust ;”
so that it seems most desirable that the fund should be enlarged, if only to represent the original position of its finances relatively to those of the country and institutions of learning, and nothing has occurred in the course of the last year which does not rather increase than diminish the force of such an observation. It is on the Congressional Regents that the Institution must largely depend for making its wants known to Congress, and with reference to the suggestion that the Smithsonian fund should be enlarged by re-contribution from the Government as well as from contributions from private individuals, I desire to repeat the remark of Professor Henry, made in 1872, to the effect that the Govern- ment, in equity, should then have paid the Institution $300,000 for the use of the present building. This building, erected wholly out of Smith- sonian funds, at the cost of over half a million dollars, has, with the exception of a small portion, continued to be used rent free by the Government ever since that time.
I recall briefly in this connection the well known facts that the will of James Smithson was made on October 23, 1826, and that by an act of Congress approved July 1, 1836, the bequest was accepted, while under the act of August 10, 1846, a definite plan of organization was adopted, and that finally, by the act of February 8, 1867, the Regents were authorized to add to the Smithsonian fund such other sum as they might see fit to deposit, not exceeding, with the original bequest, the sum of $1,000,000.
The original bequest and the sums since added are as follows:
Bequest of Smithson, 1846 ..--...----- -----+ -- 2220 eee ee oe teen eee eee $515, 169. 00 Residuary legacy of Smithson, 1867-..-....--------------- teats metieaeerete 26, 210. 63 Deposits from savings cof income, etc., 1867 .-....--2+-----+---- +--+ +--+ 108, 620. 37 Bequest of James Hamilton, 1874 ...-.-- Be ete et ete feral e (eee eka ett tie 1, 000. 00 Bequest of Simeon Habel, 1680. ..-. Sesh Bene eye nate iste Set ere eae 500. 00 Deposit from proceeds of sale of bonds, 1881..---.---.-.-----+---+-- +--+ 51, 500, 00
Total permanent Smithsonian fund in the Treasury of the United States, bearing interest at 6 per cent. per annum........---.---- 703, 000. 00 There may, therefore, be added to the fund nearly $300,000, on which the Institution is entitled to receive 6 per cent. under the act of February, 1867, while it has received in bequests only the insignificant sum of $1,500. This is in striking contrast to the liberality which is understood to have endowed more than one American institution of learning within this time with something like ten times the amount of the entire Smith- sonian fund. No institution in the country, it is believed, enjoys wider measure of public confidence or is more universally known, and it would seem that some action might well be taken to bring these facts before those who are seeking a trustee for the disposition of means intended for the advancement of knowledge. In this connection, however, it seems proper to invite the attention of the Regents to the circumstances of the bequest of James Hamilton,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. o
who donated $1,000 to the Institution in 1874, the interest on which was to be appropriated biennially for a contribution, paper, or lecture on a scientific or useful subject. Your former Secretary, Prof. Joseph Henry, in bis report for 1874, states that—
“The first,installment of interest on the Hamilton bequest has just been received, and will be appropriated in accordance with the will of the testator at the end of next year, and so on continually at the end of every two years.”
And he adds—
‘A statement of the manner of spending this income will be given in the accounts of the operations of the institution with due credit to the
donor. His name will therefore appear from time to time in the annual reports and thus be kept in perpetual remembrance.”
Professor Henry continues, in this connection:
‘“*When the public shall become more familiar with the manner in which the income of the additional bequests to the Smithsonian fund is expended, with the permanence and security of the investment, and with the means thus afforded of advancing science and of perpetuating the names of the testators, we doubt not that additions to the fund in this way will be made until it reaches the limit prescribed by law of $1,000,000.”
Owing, perhaps, to the small amount of this bequest, the intent of the Secretary does not appear to have been fulfilled. No contribution, paper, or lecture seems to have ever been furnished, biennially or other- wise, and with the exception of the exploration of certain bone caves, mentioned in the report of the Secretary for 1876, the income has remained unexpended.
I shall have elsewhere to speak of the great loss the Institution has sustained in the death of Dr. J. H. Kidder, curator of exchanges; but I refer to it here only in connection with a bequest made by him, con- stituting the Institution one of his residuary legatees. This bequest, the terms of which are still awaiting the consideration of the Regents, will be more properly described, in detail, after their action upon it, which can not well form a portion of the present report.
At the beginning of the fiscal year the balance on hand of the income from the fund was $4,809.23. The interest has been $42,180, while from miscellaneous sources $3,760.53 have been received. The total expenditures have been $38,992.29, leaving on July 1, 1889, $11,757.47, a somewhat larger balance than usual, which has been retained to meet certain delayed expenditures.
The Institution is charged by Congress with the disbursement of sundry appropriations through the Secretary, as follows:
ROMMCeENAvlON ALEX CHAN OS CSince ae 5 semis genie Saiseecs ecieceisecc cet Cacia ce nasecs $15, 000 HorebonolovicaliresGanches soccctus oct eite scien coos janie cece bact cece secs ccces 40, 000 For preservation of collections, National Museum .........----.----.------ 125, 000 For furniture and fixtures, National Museum .........---.-.-.---- one woes 40, 000
For heating and lighting, National Museum ......-... 2-0. .---- eens eee 12, 000
4 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
The vouchers for the expenditures from the appropriations are passed upon by the executive committee of the Board of Regents with the ex- ception of those for ethnological researches. The disbursements from the latter appropriation are made under the direction of Major Powell.
The estimates prepared to be submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, were as follows:
Internationaliexchangesto2.--2s ss oo ae ee ce eraee se aeieeiieeseteeae $27, 050 Hthnologicalijresearch esiqs< ac ate = 1 nn latsiewtereeeieles seater teeeise ene aie 50, 000 Preservation of (collections... 22. sa5cse cies sce Cee ine coemeen icin peer 150, 000 Rurniture and fixtures: sj cok Gece ee cin eictoinie aie sje yee ian eee ie erases emavciciee eee 40, 000 eatin svandili oh ting a cices tie sate cose wenaeane teins avs =iatesicleferseteie aisle esses lo 000
For which Congress appropriated as follows:
Internationaliexchangessess si sacs ss sia eae ine wine ela eiaiet deme seisieink sciatica 15, 000 Hthnolocical researchese sa: 2a4-cieieisiecis wetaiieee ies oeecleacissiccsiaee setae 40, 000 Preservation“ Of collechiOns c= ses-ccse acess ee cee ss ae cen Boe wena eect eere 125, 000 ULM bUTe TAM TeX bUTOS tis sec oe ene ne cae a ee ee ine teas ane eet erartateraze 40, 000 Heatingeand dohting: tts 2 cco ee seceresiss memes nate seen ane eee ieeies 13, 000
Of the first of these items, that of international exchanges, urgent rep- resentations were made to Congress to the effect that though it had as- sumed the charge of this, the expenditures of the Bureau (whose work largely consists of the transportation of Government documents) con- tinue to be met, in part, from the private fund of the Institution, but, as will be seen, no change in this respect has been made.
The estimates prepared to be submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890, were as follows:
International exchanges.—Twenty-seven thousand and five hundred dollars was asked for; the House committee reported $15,000; the Sen- ate committee $20,000; and the amount finally appropriated was 15,000.
North American Ethnology.—The appropriation asked for this service was $50,000. The House reported $40,000 ; the Senate made no change and the amount of the appropriation remained as reported by the House.
Preservation of Collections, U. S. National Museum.—The appropria- tion asked for this service was $160,000. The House committee reported $135,000; the Senate committee $145,000. The amount finally appro- priated was $140,000.
Furniture and Fixtures, U. S. National Museum.—An estimate of $35,000 was submitted. The House committee reported $30,000; the Senate committee also reported $30,000 and this amount was appropri- ated.
Heating and Lighting, U. 8S. National Museum.—The appropriation asked for this purpose was $12,000. This amount was agreed to by the House and Senate committees. There is a deficiency of $1,000 for the purchase of coal.
Living Animals, U. S. National Museum.—An estimate of $5,000 was submitted for this service. The House did not report the same.
Postage-Stamps and Foreign Postal-Cards, U. S. National Museum.—An appropriation of $1,000 was asked for this service. ‘The same was reported from the Senate favorably, where it originated, and passed the House.
Publications, U. S. National Musewm.—An estimate of $15,000 was submitted for this service. The House reported $10,000; the Senate
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 5
committee reported $12,000; and in conference the amount as reported by the House was agreed upon.
In my last report I stated that it was desirable that the appropria- tions for the Museum should be made under the direction of the Insti- tution, and no longer under the Department of the Interior, and I gave a correspondence with the honorable the Secretary of the Interior upon the subject. I am happy to state that the Seeretary’s assent being given the appropriations were transferred by Congress to the care of the Institution, and are now disbursed under direction of the Regents by a disbursing clerk in the Institution, whose bonds have been accepted by the Treasury Department.
A detailed statement of the expenditures for the fiscal year 1889, under appropriations for International Exchanges, North American Ethnology, and the National Museum is given in the report of the Ex- ecutive Committee.
BUILDINGS.
.
It will be remembered that the Board of Regents in their meeting January 17, 18853, recommended to Congress the erection of a new building planned exclusively for museum purposes, and tie steps taken in pursuance of their instructions were laid before the Regents in my last report, but I regret now to be unable to report any further progress.
The necessity for additional space for the storage of collections, inde- pendent of that demanded for exhibition purposes, is constantly be- coming greater, while the assignment by the last Congress to the Fish Commission of the principal parts of the rooms occupied by the Mu- seum in the Armory building has still further aggravated the crowded condition of the Museum exhibition halls and storage rooms, and I deem it my duty again to urge the necessity of the erection of a new building, if only for such requirements of storage as may be inferred from the following statements :
Since the erection of the present Museum building there have been nearly 14,000 accessions to the Museum, chiefly by gifts, such ‘‘acces- sions” representing frequently collections, and the collections including, in many cases, thousands of specimens. From the year 1859 to 1880 the accessions numbered 8,475. It is thus evident that during the last nine years the accessions have exceeded by more than 5,000 those of the previous twenty-one years.
Among the more recent collections are several of very great extent, such as the bequest of the late Isaac Lea, of Philadelphia, which con- tains 20,000 specimens of shells, besides minerals and other objects; the Jeffries collection of fossil and recent shells of Europe, including 40,000 specimens; the Stearns collection of mollusks, numbering 100,- 000 specimens; the Riley collection of insects, containing 150,000 speci- mens; the Catlin collection of Indian paintings, about 500 in number ; the collection of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, for the
6 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
transportation of which to Washington several freight-cars were re- quired; the Shepard collection of meteorites; the Wilson collection of archeological objects, nore than 12,000 specimens ; the Lorrillard col- lection of Central American antiquities, and very many others nearly as extensive.
In addition to these are the extensive collections obtained at the close of the exhibition in Berlin, London, and New Orleans, the annually in- creasing collections transferred to the Museum by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U. S. Fish Commission, and the Bureau of Ethnology, be- sides numerous contributions resulting from Government expeditions as well as those made by officers of the Army and Navy, and other Government officials.
The storage Sheds contain many hundreds of boxes of valuable ma- terial which we have not room to unpack, and the great vaults under the Smithsonian building, and many of the attic and tower rooms are similarly crowded.
The growth of several of the most important departments in the Museum is seriously retarded owing to the fact that no exhibition space is available for the collections, and that there is not even storage room where incoming material can be properly cared for.
The collection of birds, which so far as North America is concerned, is the finest in the world, and now numbers nearly 60,000 specimens, is very inadequately shown, and requires double the case room now avail- able.
The collection of mollusks, which is one of the most complete in the world, and contains nearly 470,000 specimens, is at present almost en- tirely unprovided for.
The collection of insects, now numbering over 600,000 specimens, is so far as North America is concerned, equally perfect, but is practically without any exhibition space.
The same is equally true in regard to the collections of birds’ eggs (more than 50,000 specimens), of reptiles (nearly 30,000 specimens), of marine invertebrates (more than 515,000 specimens), of invertebrate fossils (more than 160,000 specimens), and of fossil and recent plane (nearly 50,000 specimens).
Many v waluaiole collections elsewhere than in Washington are at the service of the Museum, but lack of space has compelled us to decline to receive them.
It should be borne in mind that under the roofs of the Smithsonian and the new Museum buildings are grouped together collections which, in London, Paris, or any other of the European capitals, are provided for in different museums, for the accommodation of which a much larger number of equally commodious buildings is found needful.
The necessity for additional space then is constantly becoming greater, and there is the further reason that by the action of the last Congress the Armory building, assigned to the uses of the Museum in 1876, and
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ; q
for several years past occupied in part by the U. S. Fish Commission, as a fish-hatching station, was assigned to this Commission for head- quarters. It has been refitted as an office building, and is now almost entirely relinquished by the Museum, four apartments on the third floor being retained for the use of a part of the Museum taxidermists.
From the inadequate exposition of our needs just made, it will be apparent that an extensive additional building is needed, if only for storage, and where purposes of immediate exhibition are not in ques- tion.
Irrespective of the construction of this proposed building, however, I beg tourge the necessity of improving the lighting of the second floor of the main hall of the Smithsonian building, and more particularly the indispensability of fire-proofing the west wing, which I have already urged upon the attention of the Regents, and concerning the latter of which, one of their number, Senator Morrill, introduced a bill in the Senate on June 12, 1888, which is referred to in my last report, and on which no further action has been taken by Congress.
In regard to erections of minor importance, it may be mentioned that it is intended to put up a small wooden building of one story, of a tem- porary character, immediately south of the main building, as a cover for the instruments, which at the same time will render it possible to make certain observations pending the building of the proposed physi- cal observatory, and this is more particularly alluded to under the fol- lowing head of Research.
RESEARCH.
In my last report I spoke of the preparations made by the late Secre- tary for securing an astro-physical observatory and laboratory of re- search, and [ mentioned that through his action some friends of the Institution had already offered to give the means for the erection of the simple structure needed for the accommodation of such a special ob- servatory. I added that the site would necessarily be suburban on ac- count of the special need of seclusion and the absence of tremor in the soil.
I have elsewhere referred to the collections of the Institution in con- nection with the purchase by Congress of a zoological park, which it would appear to have been the first intent of Congress to place under the care of the Regents. It had been my hope in that case to place this observatory somewhere in the park, but in view of the long delay which has already arisen, and of the indefinite further delay which may occur, I have thought it better to put a wooden structure of the simplest and most temporary character in grounds immediately south of the Institu- tion, although this site is quite unsuitable for a permanent building. Such a shelter will probably be erected before the coming winter, and will, while serving as a store-house for the apparatus, enable observa- tions to be commenced.
8 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
The promotion of original research has always in the history of the Institution been regarded as one of its most important functions, and the proper object of the personal attention of the Secretary ; and I shall be very glad to do something in this direction on the most modest scale, rather than incur the chance of indefinite farther delay.
In this connection I desire to say that a valuable collection of recently constructed apparatus, most of it exactly suited to the wants of the proposed laboratory, and which was the property of the late William Thaw, of Pittsburgh, has been, by his wish and the consent of his ex- ecutors, loaned to the Institution for use in this direction.
Comparatively few of the collections of the Institution or of the Museum — have reference to the physical sciences. The apparatus collected by Pro- fessor Henry, together with some few archaic instruments illustrating the early history of methods of precision which I have added, are now being placed in the south hall of the main building, and it will gratify me to see this lead to accessions in illustration of the history of research in all branches of science.
EXPLORATIONS.
The Smithsonian Institution has during the year enjoyed the valu- able assistance of several persons who have expressed their willing- ness to prosecute special researches in its behalf, or have generously offered to allow the Museum to share in their results.
In embracing these opportunities it has been the policy of the Insti- tution to endeavor to obtain information and, when possible, to secure specimens, in regard to subjects in which the Museum collections were most deficient, and thus to fill some of the most important gaps in special collections rather than to obtain large collections of miscel- Janeous material.
Mr. Talcott Williams, of Philadelphia, visited the northern part of Africa early in the present year, and, before going, kindly offered to make special inquiries in regard to the civilization of the modern Arabs and the natural history of the region, and to collect, if possible, linguistic specimens. It was his intention to journey direct to Tangiers, thence to Fez and Mequinez, continuing, if time permitted, as far as Mogador and Morocco. Mr. Williams is familiar with the Arabic language, which will greatly facilitate his investigations in that country. The re- gion has rarely been visited by naturalists, and the Smithsonian Insti- tution will no doubt obtain very important information, and probably also some valuable collections. The special studies to which Mr. Will- iams intends to devote himself are botany, geology, and archeology. At the time of his arrival the North African flora was in flower, so that his opportunities in the first direction were excellent. The geology of Northern Africa is poorly represented in the National Museum, and characteristic rocks and photographs of feature of physical geology will be very acceptable. The subject of most importance to the Smith-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 9
sonian Institution, however, is the archeology of this region, and it is to this that Mr. Williams has been requested to chiefly direct his atten- tion. It is his intention to visit El] Kutel, one of the most striking monolithic remains in Northern Africa, and other ruins of equal inter- est. Photographs and measurements will be obtained, for which pur- pose a photographic outfit has been furnished to Mr. Williams, who is thoroughly competent to conduct investigations of this kind. The Smithsonian Institution has also provided an outfit of instruments for taking observations of temperatures and altitudes, and he has been requested to obtain musical instruments of all kinds, as far as the lim- ited sum of money placed at his disposal from the Museum fund will enable him to purchase them.
News has already been received of Mr. Williams’s arrival in Africa. He has secured a complete series of musical instruments, from the rudest whistle to stringed instruments of skillful manufacture. In each in- stance the native names and names of the parts have been ascertained, the proper pitch of each string taken, and a native melody, as played on each kind of instrument, has been noted in our musical notation. He has also succeeded in obtaining a varied collection of objects illus- trating the domestic life of the people.
Mr. W. W. Rockhill, of the German legation of Pekin, has for several years made himself familiar with the customs of the natives of Thibet, and having recently undertaken a journey through that country, will make a special study of the ethnology of the region. He has been supplied by the institution with a barometer and other instruments desired by him for his journey. His previous investigations have re- sulted in an exceedingly valuable collection of objects illustrating the religious practices, occupations, and amusements of various peoples in different parts of China, Thibet, Turkestan.
Dr. James Grant Bey, who some years ago established a sanitarium in Cairo, Egypt, and attended the International Medical Congress held in Washington in 1887, became much interested in the work of the National Museum, and has since his return to Egypt devoted his leisure time to special studies of the arts of the ancient Egyptians. Several valuable collections have already been received from him.
During the summer, the Bureau of Etlinology decided to send Mr. Jeremiah Curtin to Hoopa Reservation in California for the purpose of studying the languages and mythology of the tribes of Indians inhabit- ing the reservation. The Smithsonian Institution was fortunately en- abled to secure the assistance of Mr. Curtin in investigating their arts and industries also, and a small sum of money was placed in his hands for the purchase of objects of Indian manufacture.
Dr. John M. Crawford, U. 8. consui-general at St. Petersburg, has kindly offered to allow the National Museum to participate in the results of his ethnological researches in Russia and Finland. Dr. Crawford is well known in the United States as a philologist and a student of Scan-
10 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
dinavian antiquities, and as the author of the English translation of the Finish epic “The Kalevala.” His appointment as consul-general at St. Petersburg was made with a special view to enable him to carry on his studies of the traditions and antiquities of the Finish race and related peoples. He has offered to make collections for the National Museum, and in order to facilitate his work, the Smithsonian Institu- tion has provided him with letters of introduction to several of its cor- respondents in Russia and Finland. These will no doubt be of great service to him in enabling him to carry out the object which he desires to further.
Rey. Frederick H. Post, an Episcopal clergyman of Salem, Oregon, has recently undertaken missionary work in Alaska, and has taken up his residence at Anvik, on the Yukon River. He has entered into cor- respondence with the Smithsonian Institution, and has offered to col- lect information relating to the tribes of the Upper Yukon. He has also proposed to make meteorological observations at Anvik. This offer has been referred to the Signal Office. It is probable that an out- fit of alcohol, guns, and ammunition will be sent to Mr. Post next year to enable him to collect the mammals and birds of that region.
Lieut. J. IF’. Moser, commanding the U. 8. Coast Survey steamer Bache has continued his explorations for the Museum, and has trans- mitted a collection of fishes, mollusks, insects, and marine invertebrates from the vicinity of Cape Sable, Florida.
Prof. O. P. Jenkins, of De Pauw University, Indiana, has made arrangements to visit the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of col- lecting fishes, and has expressed his intention of presenting a duplicate series of specimens to the National Museum. The Smithsonian Institu- tion has supplied him with seines and has furnished him with a letter of introduction to the curator of the national museum in Honolulu.
Ensign W. L. Howard, U. S. Navy, has kindly offered to collect zoological and ethnological material in Alaska, and has been supplied with collecting apparatus and supplies for use in trading with the In- dians.
A large outfit of tanks, bottles, and alcohol was supplied to Mr. W. A. Stearns, of Cambridgeport, Mass., for use in vollecting specimens of natural history in northern Labrador. No collections have yet been received from him.
PUBLICATIONS.
Under an arrangement made by the late Secretary, Prof. E. D. Cope was engaged at the time of my last report in completing and preparing for publication an investigation upon the Reptilia and Batrachia of North America, which has been in progress, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, for more than twenty years. The monograph on the Batrachia, mentioned in my last report as having been received, is now in type, though not yet published, but that on the Reptilia is still
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ET
delayed. I have positive assurance from Professor Cope that it will be completed within the present year, but the expense entailed in the pub- lication has continued to prove far greater than the late Secretary had anticipated, and I am sorry that the expectation of its completion dur- ing the past year has not been fulfilled.
I have referred in my last report to the demand for greater economy in publication, and to the probability that some change would be re- quisite in the form of the annual reports. It will be remembered *.at the Smithsonian Institution has three classes of publications:
The Contributions to Knowledge.
The Miscellaneous Collections.
The Annual Reports.
A brief review of the past and present condition of each of these publications may here be made, with special reference to the latter. For details concerning these different classes, and for the matter actually presented under each, reference may be made to the appendix.
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.—The first work of original re- search published by the Institution was the well-known treatise by Messrs. Squier and Davis, in 1848, on Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. This was the commencement of the quarto series entitled ‘“ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,” which now numbers twenty-five volumes. This series is designed to record the results of original research, offering positive additions to human knowledge, either undertaken by agents of the Institution or encouraged by its assistance. In general character these contributions correspond somewhat with the more elaborate transactions of learned societies. From causes briefly adverted to in my last report, original memoirs deemed worthy of a place in this series have been much rarer in later years than in the earlier portion of the Institution’s history.
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.—In 1862, a second series of pub- lications was commenced by the Institution, in octavo form, with the Meteorological and Physical Tables of Professor Guyot, under the title of “Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.” This series embraces papers or treatises of a more practical character than those of the Con- tributions, including résumés of existing knowledge in special depart- ments, systematic lists or classifications of species in the animal, botanical, or mineral kingdoms of nature, tabular collections of natural constants, scientific bibliographies, and other summaries, of value to the students of physical or biological science. These collections now number thirty-three volumes.
Among the subjects heretofore included in this series have been the proceedings or transactions of several scientific societies of Washington (the Philosophical, the Anthropological, and the Biological), which were organized under the auspices of officers of the Smithsonian Institution. To promote their usefulness the stereotyping of their several published
12 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
journals was undertaken by the Institution and a large extension of their distribution was thus effected by including their re-issue in the Miscella- neous Collections, of which series they constitute three volumes. These societies having now severally attained a highly successful and self-sup- porting condition of active membership, it has been thought that this form of patronage might well be withdrawn without detriment to the welfare of the societies and with advantage to the Institution. These publications are accordingly no longer stereotyped by the Institution, or included in its issues.
The Bulletins and Proceedings of the U. 8. National Museum, pub- lished by an appropriation of Congress, have also been heretofore re- printed by the Institution and this supplementary edition has occupied five volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections. It has been decided in like manner to hereafter omit these publications from the series.
Smithsonian Annual Reports—A provision of the act of Congress or- ganizing the Smithsonian Institution (Revised Statutes, Title 73, Sec. 5593) requires that ‘‘the Board shall submit to Congress at each ses- sion thereof a report of the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution.” These annual reports have been accompanied with a “¢ veneral appendix,” giving summaries of lectures, interesting extracts from the correspondence, and accounts of the results of explorations undertaken by the Institution or aided and promoted by it, as well as of new discoveries in science. In the annual report for 1880 and the following years my lamented predecessor undertook to give a more systematic character to the history of discoveries, by engaging a num- ber of able collaborators in various fields of knowledge, to furnish a gen- eral summary or record of scientific progress for the year. Appropri- ate as the scheme appears, it has not been found to work as satisfacto- rily as is desirable, and as had been hoped for. It has seldom been possible to collect as complete summaries as were originally contem- plated; and the delay of publication deprives the record of much ofthe freshness and interest it would otherwise possess, while in all these the rapid increase of scientific literature demanded such a corresponding increase in the corps of reporters and such a correlatively increasing expenditure as the fixed Smithsonian fund was growing quite unable to afford. It will be remembered that of this appendix there are dis- tributed through members of Congress as many as 9,000 copies, form- ing the larger part of the whole edition, and that it is thus incumbent on us to observe that it reaches a large class of readers unable to follow the work of specialists in original memoirs.
After serious consideration it has been finally determined to restrict, if not forego, the scheme of a general annual survey of scientific litera- ture and progress, and to recur in large part to the system of Henry of selecting memoirs of a special interest and permanent value, which have already appeared elsewhere and which are sufficiently untechnical
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 13
to be readily apprehended by readers fairly representative of the intel- ligent and educated class among the constituents of the members of POHSEOSS, by whom they are chiefly distributed.
If, as [have already suggested, Congress sees fit to make a small appropriation for the editing as well as the publication of this appen- dix, so as to enable it to include, for instance, information relative to the progress of scientific discovery and its useful application in the United States, such a record would bein keeping with the objects of this Institution, and would maintain for this report the popularity and the educational character just referred to, while promoting industrial interests in the country...
In this connection I beg to repeat the remark that it would be de- sirable to have the supplementary matter of the report placed under a special clause for the avoidance of all question as to the “ necessity and entire relation to the public business” of such information, a ques- tion which has arisen by the construction given by the Public Printer to the act of Congress of August 4, 1885.
Publications of the National Museum.—These publications (already referred to as being issued by Government appropriations) comprise two series: First, the ‘Proceedings of the National Museum,” consist- ing of short essays giving early accounts of recent accessions, or newly ascertained facts in natural history, and promptly issued to secure the earliest diffusion of the information, of which series ten annual volumes have now been issued; and secondly, the “Bulletins of the National Museum,” consisting of more elaborate memoirs relative to the collec- tions, such as biological monographs, taxonomic lists, ete., of which series thirty-six numbers have been issued. These bulletins vary greatly in size from pamphlets of fifty pages to works of many hun- dred pages.
Publications of the Bureau of Ethnology.—The principal publication of this Bureau is the “Annual Report.” This series consists of large royal octavo volumes, detailing researches relative to the aborigines of North America, handsomely printed and illustrated with numerous cuts and lithographie plates. The fifth Annual Report has been issued during the year, and the series may be referred to, as at the same time credita- ble to the Government and as fitted to engage public attention by mat. ter of an interest beyond what is ordinarily found in any Government document,
Distribution of Smithsonian Publications.—It is manifestly impossible for the Institution, with its fixed and limited income, to keep pace in its issues and their distribution with the increase of popular interest in scientific productions. The ordinary edition of 1,500 copies of each of the Smithsonian publications which has been produced from the be- ginning, cannot be enlarged without seriously impairing the efficiency
14 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY,
of the fund for other services ; although it wonld be a great satisfaction to be able to supply more liberally the growing demand for the works as published. The impracticability, however, of furnishing these to all interested in scientific pursuits, has required the adoption of more for- mal regulations to secure the most judicious application of the available stock of publications. These are presented, first, to those learned socie- ties of the first class which give to the institution in return complete sets of their own publications; secondly, to colleges of the first class furnish- ing catalogues of their libraries and students, and publications relative to their organization and history; thirdly, to public libraries in this country having 25,000 volumes; fourthly, in some cases to still smaller libraries, especially if no other copies of the Smithsonian publications are given in the same place and a large district would be otherwise un- supplied; lastly, to institutions devoted exclusively to the promotion of particular branches of knowledge, such of its publications are given as relate to their special objects. These rules apply chiefly to distri- bution in the United States. The number sent to foreign countries, under somewhat different conditions, is about the same as that distrib- uted in this country.
A small number of copies not otherwise disposed of has been usually reserved for sale; although such returns have of course contributed but little toward the cost of production. As an experiment (which had been tried in the early history of the institution), | have placed a small edition of one of our works in the hands of a large publishing house, the well-known firm of MacMillan & Co., of London and New York. The work selected for this purpose is the newly revised “tables of specific gravity for solids and liquids,” by Prof. F. W. Clarke, Chemist of the U.S. Geological Survey. This being a valuable work of refer- ence for all practical chemists, as well as for many others, was thought to be a very suitable subject for trial as to its commercial success. An edition of 1,000 copies having been reserved for the regular gratuitous distribution, 500 copies were prepared with the imprint of Messrs. MacMillan & Co. on the title page, to be disposed of as one of their own publications, and by their regular business methods.
Facilities afforded to others.—A few instances of assistance in the direction of printing, etc., granted in special cases, may here be men- tioned. The widow of Dr. Asa Gray having about 80 imperfect copies on hand of her husband’s “ Flora of North America,” desired, in order to complete her sets and render them available for sale, a correspond- ing number of covies of the first part of the second volume. The re- quest was cheerfully complied with, and Messrs. Wilson & Son, of Cambridge, Mass., were authorized by the Regents to print the desired small edition at the expense of the Institution.
Prof. M. W. Harrington, of Ann Arbor, Mich., made application for the use of the stereotype plates of Professor Henry’s meteorological
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 15
essays (included in his published scientific writings), with a view to the publication of a cheap popular edition of this treatise. In the belief that such a republication would be in the interests of science and its wider diffusion, permission to use the plates was readily granted.
A similar request was made by Dr. George H. Horn, of Philadelphia, who, as joint author with the late Dr. John L. Le Conte of a work of 600 pages on the “Classification of the Coleoptera of North America” (pub- lished by the Institution in 1883, and now out of print), desired the use of the stereotype plates, from which to print an edition of the book. This request was also favorably entertained, and the Pree. sought was conceded.
The Eighth International Congress of Orientalists, appointed to be held at Stockholm and at Christiania, in September, 1889, solicited through its officers the co-operation of the Smithsonian Institution. In furtherance of its laudable aims the Institution undertook to print and distribute in this country 1,000 copies of its circular of announcement and information.
In compliance with the request of Mr. Sylvester Baxter, secretary of the Hemenway Expedition of exploration, the privilege of the Smith- sonian exchange system was granted for the distribution of the report of the expedition, giving an account of its researches in the Southwest.
These various allowances are believed to be in the spirit of the Smith- sonian foundation, and of its ancient maxim— Co-operation, rather than rivalry or monopoly.”
Storage of the Smithsonian Stereotype Plates.—The stereotype plates of the Smithsonian publications now constitute a very large collection, and as the printing of the works had been done in various cities, as appeared most economical or convenient, a considerable portion of this material had been stored in Boston, and especially in Philadelphia. As the fire-proof renovation of the eastern portion of the Smithsonian building furnished a safe and suitable depository in the basement rooms, these plates have now all been collected within its store-rooms.
THE SMITHSONIAN EXCHANGE SYSTEM.
The international exchange system was established early in the history of the Institution, at first purely as a channel for the interchange of scientific publications and specimens, and therefore as a direct means for “the diffusion of knowledge,” a means which has proved to be a great benefit to the scientific institutions of the world, and incidentally to Congress in building up the unequalled collection of works of refer- ence deposited in its Library.
Of late years, however, the Government, having dxsanien the charge of this system, has made the Institution its agent not only for this scientific distribution but for the much larger distribution of the publi- cations of the United States Government abroad, and also for the re- ceipt and transmission to the Library of Congress of the publications
16 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
of other countries sent in return. In this twofold service it is now per- forming an important public duty, for which such inadequate provision is made, that in spite of the efforts for an economical and efficient ad- ministration of this department the best interests of the Government as well as those of the Institution are seriously suffering.
In reviewing the past year it is necessary to mention first of all the serious loss in the death of Dr. Jerome H. Kidder, which however has been more fully referred to elsewhere. At the date of his death, which occurred on the 6th of April, 1889, owing to the efficient condition of the division due to the hearty co-operation of all in it with the labors of its lamented chief, the office was free from any parcels whatever, and was ready to close its book accounts completely for the first time.
I regret to record, also, the death on June 17, 1889, of Mr. George Hill- ier, Superintendent of the New York Custom-House. Mr. Hillier had for more than thirty years attended to the transmission of Smithsonian ex- change packages, rendering the Institution most valuable and efficient service without compensation. In response to a request made to the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Quackenbush, chief entry clerk of the New York Custom-House, has been designated to receive and transmit cases addressed to the Smithsonian Institution in future.
Dr. Kidder was succeeded as curator of exchanges by Mr. William C. Winlock, who was appointed May 15,1889. The curator’s report to the Secretary, containing the usual statistics for the fiscal year, will be found in thé appendix.
In order to convey an idea of the present magnitude and character of the exchange transactions it may be stated that during the year, 17,218 packages were mailed to correspondents in the United States and 693 boxes, containing 58,035 packages, were shipped to our agents abroad for distribution to correspondents in nearly every civilized nation of the earth. The total number of packages received was 75,966, of which 34,996, or nearly one-half, were governmental exchanges.* The services ofelevent clerks and packers have been required in handling and account- ing for this material and in conducting the extensive correspondence that such a business involves. The societies and individuals upon the exchange list now number 13,130.
The entire expense of “international exchanges” for the fiscal year was $17,152.10.t Of this sum $15,000 were appropriated directly by Congress, $1,363.54 were repaid by several of the Government Depart-
*It should be noted that almost from the very beginning of the exchange system the publications of several of the scientific bureaus of the Government were volun- tarily transmitted by the Smithsonian Institution; but it was not officially desig- nated for the service till 1878.
tIt is not superflnous to repeat that these are engaged in addition to the proper personnel of the Institution, the services of whose officers are given without charge.
t The items $2,329.99, under the head of expenditures for exchanges, and $2,189.52 repayments, in the report of the executive committee, include receipts and expendi- tures made on account of the preceding fiscal year.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 1
ments to which appropriations had been granted for payment of freight on publications sent abroad through the Institution, leaving «a deficit of $788.56, which was paid from the Smithsonian fund.
With reference to this deficiency let me observe that in the history of the Government’s connection with the exchanges three periods may be distinguished. The first was in 1867 and 1868, when, after twenty years of useful work in the interests of knowledge, a new duty was imposed upon the service by acts of Congress* which established for the benefit of the Congressional Library an international exchange of works pub- lished by the Government and made the Smithsonian Institution the agency for this exchange. The second was in 1878, when the Institu- tion was distinctly recognizedt by the Department of State as the agent of the United States in the exchange of all Government publications (including exchanges for the benefit of Bureau libraries) and also in the exchange between learned societies.
The Institution possessed unequalled experience and facilities for such work, and though the new class of beoks brought to the exchange department was partly foreign to its original object, the propriety of its assuming such a service, if the Government’s interest could be pro- moted by this experience, is evident. It certainly, however, was not to have been anticipated that the Institution should conduct a purely ad- ministrative work of the General Government out of its private funds, as it appears to have done for thirteen years, from 1868 to 1881, when the first appropriation of $3,000 was made by Congress.
In the actt of March 3, 1881, making this appropriation it appears to have been the intent of Congress to apply the amount indifferently to all exchanges, whether to those which it undertakes for the Library of Congress, to those of Governmental bureaus, or to other literary and
* Statutes at Large, vol. 14, p. 573, Thirty-ninth Congress, second session, resolution 55. Statutes at Large, vol. 15, pp. 260,261, Fortieth Congress, second session, resolu- tion 72. -
tLetter from Hon. Wm. M. Evarts, Secretary of State, to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Annual Report for 1881, p. 785.
t‘‘International exchanges, Smithsonian Institution, 1882: For the expense of exchanging literary and scientific productions with ail nations by the Smithsonian Institution, $3,000 (act March 3, 1881).” This was changed in 1883 to the follow- ing: “International exchanges, Smithsonian Institution, 1883: For expenses of the international exchanges between the United States and foreign countries, in ac- cordance with the Paris convention of 1877, including salaries and compensation of all necessary employés, $5,000 (sundry civil act August 7, 1882),” and in 1586 it again was changed to “ International exchanges, Smithsonian Institution, 1886 ; For expenses of the system of internatioual exchanges between the United States and foreign countries, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, includ- ing salaries or compensation of all necessary employés, $10,000 (sundry civil act March 38, 1885).”
H, Mis, 824-2
18 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
scientific objects, thus constituting a third change* in the relations of the Smithsonian to the Government in regard to the Exchange Bureau.
An approximate estimate of the cost of the exchange for the Library of Congress from 1868 to 1878, together with the cost of the ‘‘Govern- mental” exchange (the Congressional and Departmental) for 1879 and 1880, shows that about $20,000 were paid from the Smithsonian funds for handling Government property alone. Regarding the whole ex- pense of international exchanges since 1881 as a charge on the Govern- ment, the entire amount paid out of the funds of the institution on ac- count of the General Government is somewhat over $50,000, exclusive of office rent and minor expenses.
In the report that [ had the honor to submit to the Board of Regents at their last meeting the expenses and needs of the exchange depart- ment were dwelt upon at some length, and it was stated that a revised estimate of $27,050 had been submitted through the Secretary of the Treasury for the purpose of meeting the expenses of contemplated im- provements in the service during the fiscal year 1888—’89. The amount finally appropriated was $15,000, an increase of only $3,000 over the sum appropriated for the year preceding. As I have already remarked, in spite of efforts for an economical and efficient administration of the department, slow transportation and free ocean freight, this was $2,- 152.10 less than the service actually cost, and the interests of both the Government and the Institution suffer from the entire inadequacy of the appropriation.
Although all of the Government bureaus that have occasion to trans- mit their publications through the Institution are not provided with funds available for defraying the cost of the service, it seems to have been the intention of Congress that its specific appropriation for the exchange business should be supplemented by special appropriations to some of the bureaus and departments of the Government, so that the charge of 5 cents per pound weight imposed by the regents in [878 might be met by them. The average amount annually repaid to the In- stitution in this way during the past eleven years has been about $1,400, and does not represent all the cost to the Institution which has been made up from its private fund.
It has been repeatedly urged that this procedure, for which sufficient reasons existed at the time of its adoption, may now be discontinued as no longer advantageous or economical.
By the present system the cost of the service is actually larger than appears in the specific appropriations for exchanges, and as the specia appropriations to the different departments vary from year to year, and are often omitted altogether, a burden which can not be accurately fore- seen continues to be imposed upon the Seay fund.
ie Reine Gin, atw hich the United States was eee was concluded at Brus: sels March 15, 1886, for establishing a system of international exchanges of the official documents ane of the scientifie and literary publications of the states ad- joining thereto,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 19
In order to effect the change contemplated, that is, to collect in a single item the entire appropriation for international exchanges and at the same time to make allowance for a needed compensation to the ocean steam-ship companies for freight and for like necessary expenses, tending to secure to the United States a return of many times what they now receive from foreign governments, with a prompt delivery, an estimate of $27,500 was submitted for the fiscal year 1889-90,
It should be premised that only about one-third of the Government’s publications are actually received from the office of the Public Printer and elsewhere for transmission abroad, and that while special applica- tion on our part might call out the remainder, we can not undertake to do this while only partly paid the actual outlay for the portion we carry already, while a sufficient appropriation to justify the employ- ment of a special exchange agent in Europe, as has been frequently and earnestly recommended by the Librarian of Congress, would bring back in return probably about eight times what we now receive. <Ac- cordingly, in the subjoined estimate of what could be done if Con- gress paid the actual cost of efficient service (the services of the officers of this Institution being given without charge), more packages appear under the new plan than under the old.
Statement of exchanges during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1889, together with estimates for proposed new departure.
I. Amount of exchanges sent abroad.
New | resela9, [Plan (esti | ~~" | mated).
WOM PYOSSIONG) tec aac ne panes vemsiaee eben toe cadens ancien cede meds 22, 673 40, 000 We aeiMentaloseca-lea.ra ce asecletince occas ceebes waist chce cece 2, 998 | 30, 000 DOCICUYPAN GC PVIV ate: .o-- Sec ccc wi cinec Meee Coeee Sees ncsce beeese 32, 364 35, 000
58,035 105, 000
The receipts from abroad would then probably be more than double.
Il. Time.—Average time in transit lo western Europe.
Slow freight. Fast | freight. |Extremes.| Average. | | Days. Days. Days. Pim clandeei es Soltis esse tance Coc ctn of, Polk ea nce | 47 to Ql | 37 16 Genin any yet eer: 2 24 eae eeeee iscsi ae Mae eceee nea ee | 47 to 30 | 36 15 PESTERING 6 aie Wate clos Pote =i -tran stole Moe een seas ciao clocks, meri eee 47 to 24 36 17
Nn ne ——— - —_—___— ~ nr nny
20 REPORT OF ‘THE SECRETARY.
This sum of $27,500 asked for would have been divided somewhat as follows : Salaries’ cise ce tsee Jaiginrs aCe ne wee eon ee ee ee eee $16, 600
Trensportation : From’ Washington -to sea-board <u! 2 ace oc)en ae detseeea sess $2, 280 Ocean tere ht rss. cn o.rassccie set Sn coe neo Se ea near 5, 600 From point of debarkation to destination..............-.-.....- 1, 750 —-— 9,030 BOOS ete cre sciscssesee oe ele 2 sewelet’ joer os Seiten seaeel ese eet ae ee en 950 INCA EM GAIS ce Us ess geese Saeco tere eee See ieione ee eee ae eee 920 27, 509
No increase, however, over the amount appropriated for 1887~88 ($15,500) was granted, and it is probable that the deficiency for the coming year will be at least $2,000.
Recurring now to one of the effects of the insufficient appropriations the writer repeats that there are too many and too great delays in the transit of packages sent by international exchanges. These delays do not occur in the office at Washington, nor in those of the agents of the Institution at London and Leipzig. They are due, broadly speaking, to the fact just stated, that the Institution has not the means to pay for rapid transit on land or sea, and that for what it obtains on the latter it is dependent upon the courtesy of several ocean steam-ship com- panies, with the natural result that the free freight is often delayed to make room for that which is paid for. A subordinate cause, however, lies in the apathy or indifference, or possible insufficient clerical force, of most of the foreign exchange bureaus.
The employés of the bureau are paid much lower salaries than simi- lar services command in other branches of the public service, and the Government pays no rent for the rooms in which they labor, in which even the office furniture forms a part of the charge on the private funds of this Institution.
The convention between the United States of America, Belgium, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, and Switzerland for the interna- tional exchange of official documents and scientific and literary publica- tions, as well as the convention between the same countries (excepting Switzerland) for ‘‘ the immediate exchange of the official journals,. par- liamentary annals, and documents,” was concluded at Brussels March 15, 1886, ratification advised by the Senate June 18, 1888, ratified by the President July 19, 1888, ratifications exchanged January 14, 1889, and proclaimed January 15, 1889, and since that date formal notifica- tion has been received of the adhesion to both conventions of the Gov- ernment of Uruguay. The full texts of these conventions were given in the Curator’s report for last year.
The adhesion of the United States to the first convention involves no new departure in the exchange service from the methods of previous years; but for the fulfillment of the obligations incurred by the second
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 74
convention—the immediate exchange of official journals—an appropria- tion of about $2,000 to cover the necessary postage and additional cler- ical assistance is required; and provision should be made for the prompt delivery to the exchange office of the documents referred to.
This sum of $2,000 was estimated in reply to an inquiry made by the Secretary of State, dated February 12, 1889, as to the ability of the Smithsonian Institution to execute all of the provisions of the two con- ventions without further legislation by Congress, and the estimate was duly transmitted by the Secretary of State in a letter to the President of the Senate, but no appropriation was made.
As heretofore, the Institution is greatly indebted to the lines of ocean steamers between the United States and other countries, and especial acknowledgment is due to the agencies of the fellowing companies for the continuation of many favors in the free transportation of interna- tional exchange packages :
Allan Steam-ship Company (A. Schumacher & Co., agents), Baltimore.
Anchor Steam-ship Line (Henderson & Brother, agents), New York.
Atlas Steam-ship Company (Pim, Forwood & Co., agents), New York.
Bailey, H. B., & Co., New York.
Bixby, Thomas E., & Co., Boston, Mass.
Borland, B. R., New York.
Boulton, Bliss & Dallett, New York.
Cameron, R. W., & Co., New York.
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (L. de Bébian, agent), New York.
Cunard Royal Mail Steam-ship Line (Vernon H. Brown & Co., agents), New York.
Dennison, Thomas, New York.
Florio Rubattino Line, New York.
Hamburg American Packet Company (Kunhardt & Co., agents), New York.
Inman Steam-ship Company, New York.
Merchants’ Line of Steamers, New York.
Munoz y Espriella, New York.
Murray, Ferris & Co., New York.
Netherlands American Steam Navigation Company (H. Cazaux, agent), New York.
New. York and Brazil Steam-ship Company, New York.
New York and Mexico Steam-ship Company, New York.
North German Lloyd (agents, Oelrichs & Co., New York; A. Schumacher & Co., Baltimore).
Pacific Mail Steam-ship Company, New York.
Panama Railroad Company, New York.
Red Star Line (Peter Wright & Sons, agents), Philadelphia and New York.
White Cross Line of Antwerp (Funch, Edye & Co., agents), New York.
Wilson & Asmus, New York.
LIBRARY
I may best preface what I have to say about the library by a repeti- tion of some introductory remarks in my previous report: “Chiefly through its exchange system, the Smithsonian had in 1865
accumulated about forty thousand volumes, largely publications of learned societies, containing the record of the actual progress of the
22 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
world in all that pertains to the mental and physical development of the human family, and affording the means of tracing the history of at least every branch of positive science since the days of revival of let- ters until the present time.*
“These books, in many cases presents from old Kuropean libraries and not to be obtained by purchase, formed even then one of the best collections of the kind in the world.
‘* The danger incurred from the fire that year, and the fact that the ereater portion of these volumes, being unbound and crowded into in- sufficient space, could not be readily consulted, while the expense to be incurred for this binding, enlarged room, and other purposes connected with their use threatened to grow beyond the means of the Institution, appear to have been the moving causes which determined the Regents to accept an arrangement by which Congress was to place the Smith- sonian Library with its own in the Capitol, subject to the right of the Regents to withdraw the books on paying the charges of binding, ete. Owing to the same causes (which have affected the Library of Con- gress itself) these principal conditions, except as regards their custody in a fire-proof building, have never been fulfilled.
“The books are still deposited chiefly in the Capitol, but though they have now accumulated from 40,000 to fully 250,000 volumes and parts of volumes, and form without doubt the most valuable collection of the kind in existence, they not only remain unbound, but in a far more crowded and inaccessible condition than they were before the transfer. It is hardly necessary to add that these facts are deplored by no one more than by the present efficient Librarian of Congress.”
At the last meeting of the Board, the Regents passed the following resolution :
“ Resolved, That, since the Smithsonian deposit now numbers over 250,000 titles, and is still increasing, at the cost of the Institution, it is, in the opinion of the Regents, desirable that in the new building for the Library of Congress, sufficient provision shall be made for its accommodation and inerease in a distinct hall or halls, worthy of the collections, and such as, while recalling to the visitor the name of Smithson, shall provide such facilities for those consulting the volumes as will aid in his large purpose of the diffusion of knowledge among men.”
I have brought this resolution of the Regents to the attention of the present Librarian of Congress and to that of the Chief of Engineers, the officer in charge of the new building. 1 learn from the latter offi- cial that, owing to the length of time occupied in the construction, it will probably be from six to eight years before any effect can be given to this resolution ; and, in the mean time, with the overcrowded condi- tion of the present quarters of the Library, the chests sent up from the Institution still often continue to lie unopened, so that their contents are inaccessible.
Owing to this overcrowding and, as it is understood, to insufficient clerical aid in the Capitol Library, this noble collection, the product of thirty years’ accumulation from the fund of Smithson, is, if not alto- gether lost to science and learning, at any rate so impaired in its use-
* See Smithsonian Report of 1867.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 93
fulness that it can not be assumed that any series of learned transac- tions is now complete or that any stude nt can any longer find what he seeks in what was once provided for his aid. I beg to recommend this regrettable state of things to the notice of the Congressional Regents. The present sad condition must, from the nature of the case, grow yearly still worse under the present wrangement ; and it Seems certain that, by the time the new building is ready for the books, the entire collection will have its value so impaired as to be pecuniarily and oth- erwise of little value in comparison with the original cost. The only remedy still applicable would seem to lie in providing temporary quar- ters for the collection under the care of the Librarian of Congress, but outside of the overcrowded quarters in the Capitol.
The labor of recording and ecarivg for the accessions to the library has been carried on as during the last fiscal year, with this exception, that, the work being now thoroughly organized, it has been practicable to dispense with the services of one of the three clerks previously em- ployed in this department.
The construction of additional cases in the reading-room las given increased facilities for the display of periodicals, and the number. of serials now at the disposai of readers has arisen from 265 (as at the time of my last report) to 432. The reading-room is well used by those classes of readers for whom it was designed.
The most important operation in connection with the library during the year has been the commencement of the work of carrying out the plan for increasing the library by systematic exchanges, which was originated soon after I entered on my duties as Assistant Secretary, at the desire of Secretary Baird.
Realizing that there must be many scientific and technical period- icals of value, especially in branches of science not directly related to the work carried on at the Institution, which were not known in our library, and recognizing the fact that many new publications have come into existence since the last systematic attempt to procure full returns for the publications distributed by the Institution, I addressed circulars
three hundred gentlemen in this country who are noted for their eminence in the different branches of knowledge, desiring them to furnish me with lists of the scientific periodicals which were of value to them in their special fields of investigation.*
In reply to these circulars, 174 voluminous lists were received, and these I caused to be carefully collated. The result of this collation is a list of 3,600 titles, embracing, as it is believed, nearly if not quite all periodical literature of importance in the various branches of kuowledge, exclusive of belles-lettres and the art of medicine.
In order, however, that this list should be of any practical service to the Institution, itis first necessary to learn which of these publications the Institution may already possess, either in eon or imperfect
* Copies of pies circulars are to be foun in Appendix 4 to my report for 1887-’83,
24 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
files. To ascertain this, each title in the list must be laboriously com- pared with the records of the library, running back frequently for many years. Again, should a learned society, publishing transactions, or the publishers of a journal mentioned in this list, be found to have received Smithsonian publications without making any adequate return, the records of the distribution of publications must be searched, in order to find the exact amount of publications furnished, that upon this the Institution may base its demand for a return.
It will be seen that the publications in question fall naturally into four classes.
(1) Journals which receive the Smithsonian publications, and which are not to be found in the library of the Institution.
(2) Journals which receive the Smithsonian publications, but which make either no return or an inadequate return for these.
(3) Journals which regularly exchange with the Institution, but of which the files in the library are for any reason defective.
(4) Journals which regularly exchange with the Institution, and of which the library possesses a complete file.
When each of the 3,600 titles has been assigned to its proper place in one of these four classes, a letter must be written to each one of the journals belonging to the first three classes, as follows: To the first ciass, offering to exchange; to the second, calling attention to the fact that the Institution has received no adequate returns for its favors, and to the third, asking for the volumes or parts of volumes required to com- plete the files.
It will thus be evident that a work of no small magnitude remained ~ to be performed after the list of journals was prepared. A careful esti- mate showed that it would require the entire time of a competent clerk for at least tweive months to perform the necessary routine work. As, however, the Institution was not in a position to employ an extra clerk for work which would be so largely for the benefit of the Library of Congress, the matter was allowed to rest here.
The desirability of the plan, however, commended itself so strongly to me that I could not willingly see it given up and the large amount of labor already expended remain unfruitful. Accordingly, towards the latter part of the past fiscal year, I presented the matter to Mr. A. R. Spofford, the Librarian of Congress, who, recognizing the advantages that would accrue to that Library from carrying out the plan, consented to defray the expense of the necessary clerical work from his own ap- propriations. The work was accordingly begun on June 1, 1889, and will be carried on continuously under the immediate supervision of the librarian, Mr. John Murdoch.
It is estimated that of the 3,600 titles under consideration, at least one-half, or 1,800, will prove to. be new and desirable accessions to the library, while the work done in endeavoring to complete broken series must prove to be of great value.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 25
The following is a statement of the books, maps, and charts received by the Smithsonian Institution from July 1, 1888, to June 50, 1889:
Volumes:
OCUrvoO.OlrSMulleie-c osccee ooo eeicewe meas oe es ok 1, 002 Cura hOMOT Mak MET epee cre ceetare late ello ew estates \asp>, =a 498 — 1,500 Parts of yolumes: OCtIivO OMSMaAllersteuc Ane docitardeece tee eae acne eee 5 O00 OUARCO LOM LANCET ae erccaeicint sole gee ate ee a ae 6, 646 ——— 12,202 Pamphlets: OCtIVOLOL SMMAIIEN 4..3.s3<so0- aoc. nto se enc Soe te sees 2,705 @uarto ov larger 2m 422. ese. cee cess ose cee ec fee 73 oko ENTE 0S eee ene elle ames cian ions aie = 474 FIC) Ge) eee ee es ee ere, ee rey ee Sera eet ge tay eves 17, 354
Of these accessions 4,810 (namely, 441 volumes, 3,752 parts of vol- umes, aud 617 pamphlets, were retained for use in the Museum library, and 521 medical dissertations were deposited in the library of the Sur- geon-General’s Office, U.S. Army; the remainder was promptly sent to the Library of Congress on the Monday following their receipt.
The following universities have sent complete sets of all their aca- demic publications for the year, including the inaugural dissertations de- livered by the students on graduation: Bern, Bonn, Dorpat, Erlangen, Freiburg-im- Breisgau, Giessen, Gottingen, Halle-an-der-Saale, Heidel- berg, Helsingfors, Jena, Kiel, Koénigsberg, Leipzig, Louvain, Lund, Tiibingen, Utrecht, and Wiirzburg.
«A list of the important accessions will be found in the Appendix (Re- port of the Librarian).
THE DEPARTMENT OF LIViNG ANIMALS.
The collection of the departmeut of living animals has increased dur- ing the year (almost wholly by donations) to such an extent as to quite overcrowd its accommodations, and render if necessary to resolutely check its growth, while the degree of interest manifested in this small display has been surprising. This has been shown not only by the residents of Washington, and visitors to the city, who form the daily crowd of visitors, but many residents of remote States and Territories have testified their interest by sending valuable gifts to the collee- tion.
Besides these, many valuable gifts of quadrupeds and birds have been received from United States Army officers in Texas. A most val- uable donation received during the year came from the Hon. W. F. Cody (Buffalo Bill), of North Platte, Nebr., and consisted of three fine American elks, two males and a female.
Dr. V. T. MeGillyeuddy, of Rapid City, Dak., offered to deposit in the collection four American bisons which have been in his possession for several years. The conditions of the offer were considered suf-
26 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
ficiently liberal to justify its acceptance, and accordingly Mr. George H. Hedley, of Medina, N. Y., was requested to proceed to Rapid City, where he received the animals and arrived in Washington with them in good condition. Being fine specimens they have naturally attracted much attention.
The overcrowded condition of the temporary cages and yards con- taining the larger animals has caused extreme trouble, not only to pro- vide properly for the shelter and comfort of the specimens, but to keep them from either killing or injuring each other. Only with larger space and better facilities will it be possible to so care for these animals, and many others like them, that they will not only be a stock from which to replenish their races, so rapidly vanishing from the continent, but a source of constant instruction and recreation for the people.
The department of living animals has served an important purpose jn aiding to bring about the establishment by Congress of a National Zoological Park, for the public interest manifested in the collection, forcibly emphasized the general desire and need for such an institution founded on a liberal scale. During the period when the Zoological Park proposition was before the Fiftieth Congress, the Secretary con- sidered that the curator of this department, Mr. Hornaday, could not render more important service than by explaining to Members the de- tails of the plan proposed, and he was accordingly directed to devote a portion of his time to that duty.
The actual accommodations provided for the living animals are necessarily of the most temporary character, and do not in the slightest degree indicate the proper construction of permanent improvements of this kind in a first-class zoological garden. At present a large num- ber of living quadrupeds, birds, and reptiles are crowded together in one small and ill-ventilated building heated by steam, which, during exhibition hours, is usually filled with visitors to an uncomfortable ex- tent. It will be a great boon to the public and to the animals com- posing the collection as well, when the latter can be transferred to the Zoological Park and provided with suitable accommodations. Under the circumstances it is very desirable that this should be accomplished at the earliest date possible.
The total number of living specimens received during the year was 271, of which 126 were gifts, 37 were deposited, and 8 purchased. The final catalogue entry on June 30, 1889, was 341, which represents the total number of specimens received since the collection was begun. In spite of the disadvantages the curator and his two assistants have la- bored under in the care of this collection, it is gratifying to be able to report that during the year the losses by death have been almost wholly confined to the small and least valuable animals; and, with the excep- tion of an antelope which was presented by Senator Stanford and died before it had time to recover from the effects of its long journey, all the large and most valuable specimens are alive and in good health,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Da
it is well to direct attention to the fact that Congress has as yet made no special appropriation for the care of these animals, which, with their food, represents a considerable sum, ill spared from the limited appro- priation at the disposal of the Secretary for the increase and preserva- tion of the collections, on which so many other pressing demands are
made. ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
In my previous report I stated that a bill had been introdueed by Senator Beck to create, under the care of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, a zoological garden on Rock Creek, where these animals might not only form the subject of study, but be expected to increase aS they do not in ordinary captivity ; and I gave the amendment to the sundry civil appropriation bill, reported by Senator Morrill, which was substantially the same as the bill of Senator Beck.
For reasons which may be found in my letter to the chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, quoted later, I gave much time and labor in the interests of this measure, at first without success, the House Committee on Appropriations having reported its non-coneur- rence in the Zoological Park amendment, and, after along debate, which occupied the attention of the House through a considerable portion of the 12th of September, 1888, the motion to concur was defeated. In the subsequent conference on the sundry civil bill, the Senate con- ferees agreed that the amendment should be stricken out, so that the bill was lost.
In pursuance of what seemed to me a public duty, I did not accept this defeat of the bill as final, but brought the matter again before the attention of Congress.
On the 18th of January, 1889, at the request of the Hon. S. Dibble, I addressed a letter to him as chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, to which had been referred a bill of the House, introduced by the Hon. W. C. P. Breckinridge, of similar purport to that introduced in the Senate. This letter the committee made the basis of its recommendation for the passage of the bill in the following words:
REPORT to accompany bill H. R. 11810,
The Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, to which was re- ferred the bill (H. R. 11810) “for the establishment of a Zoological Park in the District of Columbia,” having had the same under consid- eration, respectfully submits the following report:
Appended hereto is a letter of Prof. S. P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, portraying the necessity of such a park and the advantages to be derived from its establishment; and, for reasons therein set forth, your committee respectfully recommends the passage of the bill.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C., January 18, 1889.
My DEAR Sir: I write what follows in accordance with the sugges- tion of your yesterday’s letter, intending it for your consideration and that of the committee.
28 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY,
From all parts of the country, for many years, presents of live ani- mals have been made to the Government through the Smithsonian In- stitution or the Museum; but the absence of any appropriation for their care has led to their being sent away (though most reluctantly) to in- crease the collections of the zoological parks in Philadelphia, New York, London, and other cities. it should be better known than it is that everywhere through the country there is a disposition on the part of private individuals to give to the Government in this way, and without any expectation of return, remarkable specimens, which the donor (very commonly a poor man) sometimes refuses advantageous pecuniary offers for, and it seems hard to decline gifts made in such a spirit, or, accept- ing them, to give them away again.
But little over a year ago I gave instructions that these live speci- mens should be retained temporarily, as an experiment, and although a very few have been purchased, the collection, which is a subject of so much local popular interest, has been thus formed, substantially by gift, within perhaps fifteen months, and this though many proffers have been declined for want of means to care for them. 1am persuaded that, if it were generally known that the Government would receive and care for such gifts, within a very few years the finest collection of American animals in the world might be made here in this way, with compara- tively no expenditure for purchase.
Among the many interested in the incipient collection was Senator Beck, whose bill for the formation of a zoological park was brought before the Senate on April 23, 1888. The writer directed the Senator’s attention to the fact that a piece of ground singularly suitable, by the variety of its features, to the provision for the wants of all the different kinds of animals, existed in tho picturesque valley of Rock Creek in the part nearest to the city. Here not only the wild goat, the mountain sheep and their congeners would find the rocky cliffs which are their natural home, but the beavers brooks in which to build their dams; the buffalo places of seclusion in which to breed and replenish their dying race; aquatic birds and beasts their natural heme, and in general all animals would be provided for on a site almost incomparably better than any now used for this purpose in any other capital in the world.
With this is the pre-eminently important consideration that the imme- diate neighborhood to the city would make it accessible not only to the rich, but to the poor, and therefore a place of recreation to the great mass of the residents, as well as to the hundreds of thousands of citi- zens from all parts of the country who now annually visit the capital.
It may be added that, so far as is known to the writer, all those in- terested in the desirable but larger plan fora public park along the whole Rock Creek region—that is to say, all those acquainted with the beauties and advantages of the site—regard the establishment of the pro- posed zoological park there with favor. It is very difficult for any one who has not visited the region to understand its singularly attractive character, due to the good fortune which has preserved its picturesque features intact urtil now, although the growing city is sweeping around and enveloping it.
The Smithsonian Institution has not customarily received with favor the propositions continually made it to place different local or national interests under its charge, but the very special reasons which seem in this ease to enable it to at once secure a home and city of refuge for the vanishing races of the continent, and a place for the health and recrea- tion of the inhabitants of the city, and citizens of the United States, together with an opportunity for the carrying out an enterprise of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 29
national scientific value, and the formation of what, as regards its site, at least, is. the finest zoological garden in existence—all these consider- ations have moved it to see in this an opportunity to carry out its legit- imate work, ‘the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. ”
W hen, therefore, Senator Beck made the understanding that the Smith- sonian Institution’ would accept the charge of such a park, the primary condition on which he would undertake to recommend it to Congress, the Secretary felt authorized to say that he believed it propable that the proposition would be favorably viewed by the regents, and, the matter once brought before Congress, he has not disguised his own interest ip the success of the measure.
The bill, brought in by Mr. Breckinridge in the House (and by Sen- ator Morrill in the Senate), appropriates: 5200,000 for the purchase of not less than 100 acres of Jand. The land actually most desired for the zoological park covers about 120 acres, being precisely that portion of the Kock Creek Valley which will be soonest destroyed, as regards its picturesque and attractive features, by the laying out of streets and lots. Nevertheless, and largely owing to the very fact that the pict- uresqueness of the locality implies the existence of rocks, precipices, and valleys, which it would cost much to level and fill in, this land can still be obtained at rates which, considering its neighborhood to the city, are remarkably cheap. The most thorough examination that I have been able to make, the testimony of various real-estate experts and others, have satisfied me that the purchase may and will be com- pleted for somewhat less than the sum named in the appropriation, even leaving a small margin for the erection of a preliminary shelter for the animals. .
I beg most respectfully to urge upon the attention of the committee the fact that itis at once the strength and weakness of this measure that, so far as is known, it is an entirely disinterested one, the real- estate holders in the vicinity being generally indifferent or opposed to it, for reasons which can be explained, if desired, and that it is being thus pressed upon Congress by those who have the measure at heart, because anything that is done must be done soon. It is probable that within a year or two more, the good fortune which has kept this singu- larly interesting spot intact, while the growing city is encircling it, will protect it no longer. It is not the mere space on the map which is to be secured, but natural advantages which have no relation to the num- ber of acres, and which can not “be restored if once destr oyed, since it is not in the power of Congress itself by any expenditure of money to recreate a rock or a tree.
Il am, very respectfully, yours, S. P. LANGLEY,
Hon. SAMUEL DIBBLE, Secretary.
House of Representatives.
It appears, however, that this recommendation could not be brought to the consideration of Congress in season for action, and at nearly the same time Senator Edmunds introduced an amendment to the District bill. There were at this time two measures being pressed upon the attention of Congress, one for the creation of a national park, inelud- ing a thousand or more acres upon Rock Creek, extending far beyond the limits of the proposed zoological park, and requiring a large ex- penditure not for buildings but for lands, a measure with which the
30 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Smithsonian Institution was not concerned; the other a much more limited scheme for the zoological park, which latter it was understood in Congress was to be placed under the Smithsonian Institution.
Under these circumstances the honorable Mr. Edmunds introduced an amendment to the District of Columbia bill, as follows :
AMENDMENT intended to be proposed by Mr. Edmunds to the bill (H. R. 11651)
making appropriations to provide for the expenses of the government of the District
of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, and for other purposes, viz: Insert the following:
‘“‘ For the establishment of a zoological park in the District of Colum- bia, two hundred thousand dollars, to be expended under and in accord- ance with the provisions following, that is to say:
“That, in order to establish a zoological park in the District of Co- lumbia, for the advancement of science and the instruction and recrea- tion of the people, a commission shall be constituted, composed of three persons, namely: The Secretary of the Interior, the president of the board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, which shall be known and designated as the commission for the establishment of a zoological park.
‘¢That the said commission is hereby authorized and directed to make an inspection of the country along Rock Creek, between Massachusetts avenue extended and where said creek is crossed by the road leading west from Brightwood crosses said creek, and to select from that dis- trict of country such a tract of land, of not less than one hundred acres, which shall include a section of the creek, as said commission shall deem to be suitable and appropriate for a zoological park.
‘*That the said commission shall cause to be made a careful map of said zoological park, showing the location, quantity, and character of each parcel of private property to be taken for such purpose, with the names of the respective owners inscribed thereon, and the said map shall be filed and recorded in the public records of the District of Co- lumbia; and from and after that date the several tracts and parcels of land embraced in such zoological park shall be held as condemned for public uses, subject to the payment of just compensation, to be deter- mined by the said commission and approved by the President of the United States, provided that such compensation be accepted by the owner or owners of the several parcels of land.
‘That if the said commission shall be unable to purchase any portion of the land so selected and condemned within thirty days after such condemnation, by agreement with the respective owners, at the price approved by the President of the United States, it sball, at the expira- tion of such period of thirty days, make application to the supreme court of the District of Columbia, by petition, at a general or special term, for an assessment of the value of such land, and said petition shall contain a particular description of the proper ty selected and con- demned, with the name of the owner or owners thereof, and his, her, or their residences, as far as the same can be ascertained, together with a copy of the recorded map of the park; and the said’ court is hereby authorized and required, upon such application, without delay, to notify the owners and occupants of the land and to ascertain and assess the
value of the land so selected and condemned by appointing three com- missioners to appraise the value or values thereof, and to return the appraisement to the court; and when the values of such land are thus ascertained, and the President shall deem the same reasonable, said
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, 31
values shall be paid to the owner or owners, and the United States shall be deemed to have a valid title to said lands.
“That the said commission is hereby authorized to call upon the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey or the Director of the Geological Survey to make such surveys as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this section; and the said officers are hereby authorized and required to make such surveys under the direc- tion of said commission.”
The amendment of Senator Edmunds was understood to be offered in a spirit entirely f riendly to the interests of this Institution, but it differs from that reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, in omitting the name of the Regents, in placing the appro- priation under those for the District, in removing from the Commis- sion the power to lay out the land, aud in extending the limits within which they had choice, to the military road, in this, as in other respects, resembling the limits of the larger scheme of the national park, as generally proposed. Onthe 28th of February the Edmunds amendment passed substantially as above given, and by the President’s approval of the District bill, became a law on Mareh 2.*
In view of the fact that the zoological park will probably in any case be the ultimate place of deposit for the living collections now under the charge of the Regents, and that their secretary is named as one of the commissioners for effecting the purchase, it seems proper to add a brief statement of the work done by the commission, which, after per- sonally and carefully inspecting the whole course of the stream from Massachusetts avenue to Military road, about 4 miles above the city, found no district so desirable for the single purpose of a zoological park as that lying between Woodley Lane and Klingle Bridge, and des- ignated in the original bill of Senator Morrill; and the commissioners have proceeded to condemn a tract of 166 acres of the remarkably varied and picturesque country whose character is described in the secretary’s letter to the chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds already cited.
The condemnation is not complete without the President’s approval, which had not been given at the date of the completion of the fiseal
“Extracts from the Congressional Record. Mr. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, states, ““T append the report of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds that the record may show the exact object in view. There is absolute protection from job- bery in the fact that this isto be under the supervision of the Smithsonian Insti- tution.” Mr. Dibble says in the same debate, ‘‘We are proud of the Smithsonian, and the Smithsonian has already, by gift, not purchase, the nucleus of a collection, and Tam informed by the Secretary of the Smithsonian that this place furnishes the right kind of location for the propagation and perpetuation of these rapidly disap- pearing species of American animals, while at the same time it will serve the pur- poses of a public park.” Mr. Dibble continued, ‘I am informed that the inquiries, estimates, and offers indicate that the 120 acres which is included in the design now in front of the reporter’s desk [referring to a large map showing that part of the creek between Woodley Lane and Klingle road, which the Morrill bill placed under the caré of the Regents] can be purchased for something less than $200,000, etc.”
oD REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
year, but I may be allowed to so far anticipate a statement properly belonging to a later report as to say that this approval has since been given, and that the land will almost undoubtedly become the property of the Government. The commission has no power to lay out the land, and has no instruction from Congress as to its ultimate destination, owing, it may well be supposed, to the general supposition in the House that the bill as voted contained a clause placing it under the care of the Smithsonian Institution.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Statue to Professor Baird.—In recognition of the distinguished services of the late Professor Baird, a bill was introduced in the Senate of the United States, and passed by that body February 10, 1888, making an appropriation for the erection of a bronze statue to com- memorate his merits. This bill was referred, in the House of Represen- tatives, to the Committee on the Library, but was not reported. It is hoped that this important subject will, during the coming session, re- ceive the attention which it merits. An appropriation of $25,000 was made by Congress for the benefit of the widow of the late Secretary, whose life had been so unselfishly devoted to the service of the nation.
Art Collections.—I alluded in a previous report to the fact that a very valuable collection of art objects had been promised to the Smithsonian Institution. The intending donor is understood to contemplate the transfer of the collection at no very remote period, the principal condi- tion being that the Institution shall provide a suitable fire-proof build- ing for it.
Upon the representations of the agent of the Institution in Europe, as to the value of the collection and as to the desire of its owner to see your Secretary in order to arrange for the formal transfer, the writer made a brief visit to France last July, for the purpose of such confer- ence and arrangement, but illness on the owner’s part has delayed ac- tion, so that the Secretary is not able, as he had hoped to be, to lay the matter more fully before the Regents at their present meeting.
Assignmgnt of rooms for scientific work.—During the past year the use of rooms in the Smithsonian building has been continued to the Coast and Geodetic Survey for pendulum experiments, and a room has been assigned to the use of the Zoological Park Commission.
Toner lecture fund.—The Secretary of the Institution is ex officio chairman of the board of trustees. The fund, consisting partly of Washington real estate and partly of Government bonds, has an esti- mated value of about $3,000. A lecture was delivered on May 29, in the hall of the Museum, by Dr. Harrison Allen, of Philadelphia, on “A Clinical Study of the Skull,” the first delivered under this fund for sey: eral years,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 33
Grants and subscriptions.—In accordance with the precedents estab- lished by your first Secretary for encouraging meritorious scientific en- terprises, undertaken without view to pecuniary gain, a subscription of twenty copies of the Astronomical Journal, edited by Dr. B. A. Gould, has been continued.
Privilege of the floor of the House of Representatives—Owing to the lamented death of the Hon. 8.8. Cox, no further action appears to have been taken by the House in reference to a bill introduced by him to con- fer the privilege of the floor on the Secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution.
Smithsonian grounds.—At the request of the Director of the Geologi- cal Survey, permission was granted to place stones for a base line 300 feet on B street, south, to be used as a standard of comparison for tape lines.
American Historical Association. —Reference was made in the last re- port to a bill introduced in the Senate to incorporate the Historical As- sociation and to connect it with the Smithsonian [nstitution. Congress has since passed the act organizing the association.
Stereotyping.—All the stereotype plates belonging to the Institution have been brought from Philadelphia to Washington and stored in the basement of the building.
I have elsewhere alluded to the fact that the practice of stereotyping the bulletins and proceedings of the Washington scientific societies Las been discontinued.
Temporary shed.—I have also elsewhere alluded to the purpose of putting up in the Smithsonian grounds a temporary shelter for instru- ments and apparatus, which may at the same time permit of some astro- physical observations being made. This, however, is only a temporary expedient, and if the Regents ever sanction the erection of an observa- tory for this purpose it will be necessary to place it in some very quiet locality far removed from all tremor. Such a locality exists in the new zoological park, but while *he action of Congress in regard to the pur- chase of the latter was still uncertain I addressed a letter to the honor- able the Secretary of War, asking permission in case it were found de- sirable to occupy a vacant tract of land in the southern portion of the cemetery at Arlington for this purpose. His assent was given in the following letter:
WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington City, January 9, 1889.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18th ultimo, requesting that the Smithsonian Institution be author- ized to occupy a site in the Arlington national cemetery, as indicated in a memorandum and plat inclosed by you, for the purposes of an astro-physical laboratory. pa
, Mis. 224——3
34 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY,
In reply I beg to advise you that there is no objection to the occupa- tion, in the manner stated, of a piece of ground not exceeding 2 acres, indicated on a plat which may be examined in the office of the Quarter- master-General, provided that the ground in question be vacated whenever it is required by this Department.
Very respectfully, Wm. C. ENDICOTY?, Secretary of War. Prof. S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary Smithsonian Institution.
The plat in question shows the location of the lot near the center and highest part of the unoccupied wooded ridge, near the colored soldiers’ portion of the cemetery. The site, however, is so distant that I should not propose to occupy it while any better could be procured.
Reception.—I have alluded in my previous report to the habit of the first Secretary of giving receptions from time to time in the rooms of the Institution and to the fact that though these rooms are now de- voted to official purposes, the writer, desiring to maintain the tradi- tions of this hospitality, had used them once for a similar purpose. He has again employed them in this year on the 18th of April fora recep- tion where it was sought to unite the old and new friends of the Insti- tution.
Correspondence.—The Institution receives annually inquiries from all parts of the country for information on topics often most incongruous, but usually connected with science, which are submitted to the Secre- tary. None of these inquiries is left unanswered, and the burden of this correspondence is very considerable. It has always been regarded, however, as incumbent on the Institution to reply to them as a part of its function in the distribution of knowledge, and a good deal of labor which does not appear, continues to be devoted to this end.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The main features of the